Research On Safety Evaluation Of Wanzhou Red Oranges And Their Processed Product

Tangerine is a special citrus resource in Chongqing,which has a long history of cultivation and cultural details.The development of tangerine industry must depend on the development of industry and industry chain.In order to ensure the safety of Tangerine and its application,it is urgent to carry out the safety evaluation of tangerine and its processed products.Therefore,it is of great significance to evaluate the safety of Wanzhou tangerine and its processed products.In this study,Wanzhou tangerine and its processed products（fruit juice,fruit wine,bread,tangerine peel）were taken as the research object,and pesticide residues,heavy metal residues and fungal toxin accumulation were taken as evaluation indexes to investigate the quality and safety of Wanzhou tangerine and its processed products.The results can provide reference for scientific application and reduction of safety risks in tangerine industry,provide basic data for reference for the research of tangerine related products,and dispel consumers’food safety concerns.1.This study used an optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to detect and analyze 40 pesticide residues in tangerine and their processed products.Firstly,the Auto SRM mode was used to optimize the selection of parent and daughter ions and the collision energy,and a mass spectrometry method was established to detect 40 kinds of agricultural residues simultaneously.Secondly,through the investigation of three methods in the sample extraction process and the comparison of treatment effects of two purification methods,the pre-treatment method combined with Quechers extraction of salt packets and solid phase extraction column purification was finally determined to ensure the accuracy of test results.The range of 0.1¹.0μg/m L,good linear correlation coefficient（R²of 0.998or higher）,quantitative limit of 0.01 mg/kg.The results showed as follows:（1）The detection rate of 45 batches of red orange pesticide was 62.22%,and there were 3 samples with water amylthiophosphorous exceeding the standard,the rate of exceeding the standard was 6.67%;There were 11pesticide varieties detected in all samples,and a maximum of 5 pesticide residues were detected in a single sample at the same time,and no prohibited pesticides were detected.（2）Pesticide residues in the peel were higher than those in the whole fruit,and those in the whole fruit were higher than those in the flesh.（3）Tap water washing has a certain effect on the removal of agricultural residue content of tangerine,but it is not particularly obvious.（4）The types of pesticides detected in tangerine processing products were significantly reduced compared with tangerine.Pesticide residues were detected in two batches of tangerine wine,one batch of tangerine juice and no pesticide residues were detected in tangerine bread.Pesticide residues were detected in all tangerine peel,the detection rate was 100%,and the detection rate of chlorpyrifos was the highest.2.Chromium,copper,barium,aluminum,nickel,arsenic,cadmium,lead and mercury of tangerine（partial bit）and its processed products were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry,and the results were analyzed.The contents of8 heavy metals were as follows:barium>aluminum>copper>nickel>chromium>lead>arsenic>cadmium,and mercury was not detected.Only cadmium and lead are limited and do not exceed the limits.The highest content of lead in tangerine was 0.091 mg/kg,close to the limit of 0.1 mg/kg.It was found that 12.6 mg/kg heavy metal content in the peel was significantly higher than that in the whole fruit（5.74 mg/kg）,and that in the whole fruit was higher than that in the pulp（3.52 mg/kg）.The average content of aluminum,chromium,nickel,copper,barium and lead in different parts of tangerine and different processed products was different.The heavy metal content in tangerine peel was the highest（91.04 mg/kg）.The content of heavy metals in fruit wine was the lowest,0.26 mg/kg.The content of aluminum and barium in the same processing products is significantly higher than other metals.3.Aflatoxin B₁in picillin and tangerine peel of all samples was analyzed by HPLC.Some penicillin was detected in tangerine peel,tangerine peel after cleaning and tangerine peel.The detection rate in tangerine peel was 13.3%,and the detection rate was reduced by 50%after cleaning,indicating that cleaning had a certain effect on the removal of penicillin.At the same time,aflatoxin B₁in tangerine peel was analyzed by HPLC,but no results were detected.4.According to the above test results,safety index method was used to evaluate the safety of 11 pesticide residues detected in tangerine.The IFS values of 11 pesticide residues were all less than 1,among which the IFS value of chlorpyrifos was the largest（0.60）,the IFS value of pyrimethanil was the smallest（0.0004）,and the average IFS value of 11pesticide residues was 0.11.The results showed that Wanzhou tangerine did not harm the edible people and the safety risk of pesticide residue was within the acceptable range.At the same time,cadmium,lead and mercury in tangerine were evaluated by single pollution index evaluation method.The quality grade was level 1,indicating that the level of heavy metal pollution in Wanzhou tangerine was low and the safety was high.To sum up,Wanzhou tangerine and its processed products have high safety and will not cause obvious harm to people.In Wanzhou tangerine,a small amount of agricultural residues exceed the standard,which poses certain safety risks to consumers.It is suggested to increase the supervision and detection of the residues of chlorpyrifos,chlorpyrifos and lead.