Effects Of Urban Landscape On Bird Communities

In the process of rapid development of urbanization,various resources in the environment are constantly exploited and utilized,resulting in the destruction of the natural landscape and the reduction of bird habitat areas.These changes will affect the survival and stability of the bird community.Due to the high requirements of bird community on habitat quality,the rational allocation of urban landscape pattern plays a key role in the stability of bird community.The relationship between land cover patterns and urban bird community diversity in the urban landscape is very close,which may be due to the strong dependence of bird communities on food resources and habitat conditions in different environments.However,the specific impact patterns of land cover patterns on bird communities are still unclear.Through the study of bird communities in urban landscape,we can clarify the impact pattern of the urban landscape on bird communities,and on this basis,we can put forward relevant suggestions for bird protection.From the perspective of the land cover pattern of the urban landscape,this paper explores the specific impact patterns of the environmental factors on bird community diversity and diet groups.The effects of land cover types and seasons on bird community composition were quantified by multiple linear regression models,and the correlation between land cover types and bird feeding groups was explored by redundant analysis methods.The main findings of the study are as follows:1.Lishui District is rich in urban bird resources.A total of 7502 birds were found,belonging to 9 orders,30 families and 82 species in the four seasons of the survey.Among them,there are 8 species under state secondary key protection,accounting for 9.8% of the total species.There are 64 species of birds listed in “Three Protected Lists”,accounting for 78.0% of the total species.According to residence type,there were 9 species of summer visitor,9 species of passage migrant,18 species of winter visitor and 46 species of resident,accounting for 3.8%,0.9%,17.3% and 78.0% of the total population,respectively.According to the dominance index,there were 3 dominant species,19 common species,27 rare species and 33 rarest species,accounting for 40.5%,48.3%,10.3% and 0.9% of the total number of individuals,respectively.2.There were significant differences in the species richness,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Pielou evenness index in different seasons.Within 50 m of the transect,there was a significant positive correlation between the number of individuals and the landscape diversity index.There was a significant positive correlation between the species richness and landscape diversity index.The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the species richness and the proportion of farmland and woodland area and landscape diversity index within 100 m of the transect.There was a significant negative correlation between the number of individuals and the proportion of grassland area.There was a significant positive correlation between the number of individuals and the landscape diversity index.There was a significant positive correlation between the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and farmland area ratio.The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the species richness and construction land area,forest area proportion and landscape diversity index.There was a significant positive correlation between the number of individuals and the proportion of farmland and construction land.3.There is a close correlation between land cover types and bird feeding groups.Within50 m around the transect,the results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of forest land area and insectivorous birds and frugivorous birds in spring,summer and winter.In spring,there was a significant positive correlation between granivorous birds,carnivorous birds and omnivorous birds and the proportion of grassland and farmland.The results within 100 m around the transect showed that the number of omnivorous,carnivorous and granivorous eating birds in spring,summer and winter were positively correlated with the proportion of grassland area,and the number of insectivorous and frugivorous birds was positively correlated with the proportion of forest area.The number of omnivorous,carnivorous and granivorous eating birds in spring and summer were positively correlated with the landscape diversity index.Within 200 m around the transect,the results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of forest land area and insectivorous birds and frugivorous birds in spring,summer and winter.There was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of construction land area and granivorous eating birds,omnivorous birds and carnivorous birds in spring and winter.According to the above results,there is a close relationship between land cover pattern and bird community in urban landscape.The rational planning of urban landscape can effectively improve the diversity of birds,which is of great significance to the protection of bird communities.In order to increase the number of individuals and species richness in urban landscape management,it is suggested to increase the diversity of land cover pattern,increase the area proportion of forest land and enrich the environmental heterogeneity of grassland in urban planning and management.