Study On The Change Of Ecosystem Services Under The Background Of Rural Vitalization Strategy In Loess Hilly-gully Region

Exploring the changes of ecosystem services is crucial for mitigating ecological impacts and achieving sustainable development.As a comprehensive concept connecting ecosystem and social system,ecosystem services have gradually become a powerful tool for policy making.Exploring changes in ecosystem services under specific policies has gradually become one of the areas of concern in geography,economics and ecology,especially in ecologically fragile areas.As a major innovation in the theory and practice of modern rural development,it is of great significance to study the impact of rural vitalization strategy on ecosystem services from the micro-scale to improve the well-being of farmers.In this paper,Mizhi County,located in the loess hilly and gully region,is taken as the study area.Firstly,the evaluation index system of rural vitalization level in the study area is established,and entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the implementation level of rural vitalization in study area.Secondly,from the perspective of farmers,this paper evaluates the changes of supply and cultural services from 2018 to 2021 by using market value method and social perception method,and explores the differences of this change among different groups of farmers.Finally,taking the level of rural vitalization as the independent variable,ecosystem services as the dependent variable,and farmers ’ behavior as the intermediary variable,this paper explores the path of rural vitalization affecting ecosystem services and its differences among various farmers groups.The conclusions of this paper mainly focus on the following three aspects.(1)Spatial differentiation of rural vitalization level in the study area.The average value of rural vitalization in Mizhi County is 0.246,and the development of villages is uneven.The high-value areas are distributed in the central and southeast,and the low-value areas are mainly distributed in the north-central and southwest.The overall average level of rural vitalization model villages is much higher than that of non-model villages,with values of 0.446 and 0.186,respectively.The average values of the sub-dimensions of rural vitalization from large to small are pleasant living environment(0.358),effective governance(0.329),social etiquette and civility(0.238),thriving businesses(0.189),prosperity(0.144).There are great differences in the level of each dimension in the model village.The difference between the maximum effective governance(0.893)and the minimum prosperity(0.275)is 0.618.The level of each dimension of the non-model village shows a low-value equilibrium state,and the difference between the maximum pleasant living environment(0.311)and the minimum prosperity(0.104)is 0.207.There are significant differences in the levels of each dimension between model villages and non-model villages.Among them,the difference in effective governance is the largest,with a difference of 0.733,and the difference in prosperity is small,with a difference of 0.171.(2)The changes of supply and cultural services and their differences among different groups of farmers.For supply services,the added value of grain income is the highest,and increased proportion of animal husbandry is the highest.Among different groups of farmers,the added value and increased proportion of grain income of pure farmers,economic crop income of part-time farmers and non-farm households is the highest.In 2018 and 2021,the service with the largest difference between model villages and non-model villages are grain income and economic crop income,respectively.For cultural services,the value added and increased proportion of therapeutic is the highest.Among them,the added value of pure farmers’ aesthetics,part-time farmers’ therapeutic and non-farmer’s recreation are the highest,and the increased proportion of pure farmers’ therapeutic,part-time farmers’ therapeutic and non-farmer’s recreation are the highest.Tthe services with the largest difference between model villages and non-model villages in 2018 and 2021 are cultural heritage and recreation,respectively.(3)The path of rural vitalization affecting ecosystem services and their differences among different groups of farmers.For supply services,there are differences in the impact path of various types of farmers.thriving businesses related policies affect the economic crop income of pure farmers and non-farmers through the area of orchard greenhouse,and affect the economic crop income crops of part-time farmers through the number of training;thriving businesses related policies affect the grain income of pure farmers and part-time farmers through grain size and annual working days of households,respectively;the relevant policies of thriving businesses affect the income of animal husbandry of pure farmers through breeding investment.For cultural services,different types of farmers affected path difference is small.The relevant policies of social etiquette and civility affect the aesthetic,recreation and therapeutic values of the three types of farmers by influencing the frequency of farmers ’ participation in leisure and entertainment;pleasant living environment,prosperity and effective governance policies directly affect cultural services.