Research On Personnel Exchanges Between The Five Dynasties And Ten Kingdoms And The Korean Peninsula

Generally speaking,China and the Korean Peninsula have experienced four stages:They are Han,Wei,Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties to the beginning of Tang Dynasty,the relationship with Koguryo,Baiji and Silla,the relationship between Tang Dynasty and unified Silla,the relationship between song,Liao,Jin and Gaoli,and the relationship between Ming,Qing and Korean Dynasty.However,the relationship between China and the Korean Peninsula during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period is less involved,and even if it is rarely mentioned,it is mostly attached to the relevant research in the late Tang Dynasty or the early Song Dynasty,and there are three reasons for this:one is the short time of Five Dynasties and ten countries;the other is the lack of relevant historical materials;the third is the complexity of the situation.Even so,China and the Korean Peninsula still had a lot of personnel exchanges during this period,including official envoys,protons,bingon,monks,businessmen and immigrants.These played an important role in enhancing China’s exchanges with the Korean Peninsula during this period,and even these personnel exchanges had an important influence to the situation in China and the Korean Peninsula during this period.The historical records of China and the Korean peninsula recorded in the historical materials of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period are official envoys.However,the historical records of this period are mixed and the records of China and North Korea are different for the same historical event.The relevant diplomatic envoys shall be examined and identified,and then the relevant diplomatic envoys shall be analyzed on this basis.In more than half a century of Five Dynasties and ten countries,the Korean Peninsula regime dispatched 43 envoys to China and China’s regime dispatched 11 envoys to the Korean Peninsula.Influenced by the political turmoil and the international situation in East Asia,the purpose of diplomatic relations between China and the Korean Peninsula in this period is different from that in the era of reunification.It is more to obtain political recognition,military assistance,and also to seek information.In order to better accomplish the purpose of sending envoys,the two regimes pay more attention to the official rank,personal knowledge and diplomatic ability of these sending envoys.From the exchanges and negotiations between the two envoys,we can also see the shadow of the "two yuan tribute system" of Gaoli in the Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty and the "LIANLI Liao" policy.Buddhist cultural exchange between China and Korean Peninsula has a long history.Monks are the main body of Buddhist cultural exchange and they are also the most active factor in Buddhist cultural exchange.During the Warring States period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms,monks from China and the Korean Peninsula continued to travel between the Korean Peninsula and Mainland China by sea,which played an important role in the development of their respective Buddhist culture,and the Xumishan school and xiyangshan school in the nine mountain Zen gate of Korean Buddhism were formed in this period.In addition to the spread of Buddhist scriptures to the East,there is also a special phenomenon in the Buddhist cultural exchange between the Korean Peninsula,that is,"the return of Buddhist scriptures to China",which has an important impact on the rise of Chinese Buddhism,especially Tiantai religion.In addition,a large number of the Korean Peninsula monks went to China to seek Dharma during this period.They either studyed Dhyana,such as Lingzhao,Lingguang,Yuanna,Guishan monk,hongfa monk,etc.,or learned Tiantai religion,such as Daoyu,Yitong,zhizong,and Diguan,etc.,which also had a profound impact on the development and exchange of Buddhist culture in China and the Korean Peninsula.In addition to official envoys and monks,official personnel such as proton,bingong,and other non-governmental personnel such as businessmen,immigrants also played an important part of personnel exchanges between China and the Korean Peninsula at this time.In this period,the exchange of official personnel,such as proton and bingong,was greatly influenced by political factors and external environment,but also different from official envoys.That is to say.the exchange of official envoys was a two-way and interactive exchange between the Chinese regime and the Korean Peninsula regime,while proton and bingong were sent by the Korean Peninsula regime in one-way,and the relationship between the two sides was subject and subordinate Obvious.Moreover,during this period,businessmen,immigrants and other non-governmental personnel,the former mostly stemed from economic interests,the latter fled to the Korean Peninsula to avoid war,such as Piao Yan,Qiu Yangui etc.,or settled in the Korean Peninsula,such as shuangzhe,Shuangji etc.,or attracted by the preferential treatment and Naturalization of Han people by Koryo,or moved to China for the yearning of Chinese culture,such as Pei Zhanshi of Silla,etc.It has played an important role in enhancing exchanges between China and the Korean Peninsula.The period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is an important transitional period between Tang and Song Dynasties,and also an important transitional period for the development of the relationship between China and the Korean Peninsula during the Tang and Song dynasties.During this period,official envoys,protons,bingong,monks,merchants,immigrants and other personnel exchanged,which played an important role in the exchange between China and the Korean Peninsula,and even had a certain impact on the exchanges between song and Koryo.