| "Eleven Emperor’s Instructions" refers to the eleven directives issued by the Emperor of Yongzheng after he ascended the throne,Officials involved include local officials at all levels.These eleven directives embody Yongzheng’s ideals of government and the thinking of governing officials,mainly including attaching importance to "official ability",sorting out the relationship between "pursuing fame" and "pragmatism",paying attention to "combining relaxation and strictness",and emphasizing "loyalty to the emperor".In the subsequent governance of the country,it was precisely the ideas in the "Eleven Directives" that began to rectify officials,investigate existing problems,and select and employ officials.The practical activities carried out by Yongzheng to practice his ideas improved the problems that arose from the Kangxi dynasty.Its emphasis on the idea of governing officials and the system created during his reign were also inherited by later generations,further promoting the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty to the peak.This paper attempts to analyze the thinking of Yongzheng officials by taking the "Eleven Instructions of the Emperor" as the starting point,and analyzes the influence of the "Eleven Instructions" on the selection of officials through its future practice,and summarizes the role played by the ideas and practices of selecting officials during his reign in the development of the Qing Dynasty.Judging from the structure of the article,this article is divided into six parts,which sort out and study the ideas and practices of Yongzheng’s selection of officials:First,for the introduction part,introduce the significance and purpose of the research on this topic.At the same time,the current academic research results related to this paper and the innovations of this paper are introduced.It also introduces the research methods involved in the article.Second,to introduce the background of the era of this article,due to the problems in the management of officials during the Kangxi Dynasty,there were problems such as lax management,excessive additional taxes,serious financial deficits,and officials forming parties.It also analyzes the early experience of Yin Chan as a crown prince and his concept of managing officials different from Kangxi.Third,Introduction to the eleven instructions issued by Yongzheng to local officials in the first month of the first year of Yongzheng.Sort out Yongzheng’s requirements for local officials at all levels,point out the problems existing among officials,and propose rectification measures.He also analyzed his ideas of attaching importance to "official ability",talking about the relationship between "false names" and "pragmatism",advocating "relaxation in strict integration",and requiring subordinates to be "loyal to the emperor".Fourth,the main content is yongzheng’s measures to rectify officials under the ideology of ruling officials;Yongzheng started with finances,set up a government examination office,checked money and grain,and implemented the additional tax on money and grain to the state;through improving the system of folding and folding,setting up a military aircraft department,and implementing the practice of summoning dismissed officials,yongzheng provided a power guarantee for further employment administration and rectification of officials.Fifth,it is Yongzheng’s practice of employing people under the guidance of his official ideology.Yongzheng’s severe punishment of Yun Yu and others,Nian Qianyao and Long Keduo becoming prisoners,the attack on the Keju people,and the love for Ortai,Tian Wenjing,Li Wei and others are all specific practices of Yongzheng’s thought of official rule.Yongzheng demanded that his courtiers be loyal to the emperor,which explained why he hated Yun Yu and others,and the end of Nian and Long.The "favored subjects" reused by Yongzheng are all in line with the idea of official governance expressed in the "Eleven Instructions",so that yongzheng’favored subjects’ can be trusted for a long time.Sixth,the concluding part of the article introduces some changes that have taken place after Qianlong ascended the throne.Although Qianlong changed some of the practices of the Yongzheng Emperor,the measures set up by Yongzheng to strengthen the power of the monarchy were preserved,and Yongzheng’s concept of "loyalty to the emperor" and "valuing the ability of officials" was inherited by Qianlong.He affirmed the important influence of Yongzheng’s thirteenth-year-old official’s thinking and practice on the "prosperous era of Kangqian". |
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