A Study On Vocabulary Of Nichenlu

Ni Chen Lu was promulgated on the first day of May in the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu（A.D.1393）.As a confession document,its language is authentic and reliable,and its colloquialism is strong,which can reflect the development and evolution of spoken Chinese in the early Ming Dynasty.This article conducts an overall exploration of the vocabulary in Ni Chen Lu,and then discusses the development and characteristics of spoken Chinese in the early Ming Dynasty.The first chapter uses the traditional exegesis method such as comparison and induction to examine and interpret the difficult words in Ni Chen Lu.On the basis of clarifying the meaning of difficult words,further research is carried out on their origin,extension and virtualization process.The second chapter focuses on the new meanings and the new words in the early Ming Dynasty reflected in Ni Chen Lu,summarizes their production methods and analyzes the characteristics of their word formation.In the early Ming Dynasty,the new words were still mainly two-syllable words,but multi-syllable words developed rapidly.Affixes play an important role in word formation.The neologisms in the early Ming Dynasty showed a structure that was relatively close to that of modern Chinese vocabulary,with the most formal forms,followed by the combined forms,accompanied by a certain number of "created words" formed by abbreviation.The third chapter takes Swadesh list as the main standard,and select the words that appear in the text with a high degree of correlation with human social activities and can reflect the development and evolution of vocabulary to study the evolution of common words.From the perspective of the history of Chinese vocabulary,the development and evolution of common words are described in detail.So as to explore the deep changes of spoken Chinese in the early Ming Dynasty.The fourth chapter selects the military vocabulary appearing in Ni Chen Lu as the object of investigation,examines its diachronic changes and synchronic use,and clarifies the stability and universality of such words.On this basis,with the support of Yu Liming’s ‘vocabulary ring’ theory,the military vocabulary is systematically stratified.Taking military vocabulary as an entry point,the structural characteristics and overall characteristics of the vocabulary system in Ni Chen Lu are deduced.