The Study Of Jilin General Changshun Governed The Frontier

In the Qing Dynasty,general Jilin was the supreme commander of the town guarding the Jilin region,and his functions gradually expanded from the initial military garrison to the management of civil affairs due to the actual needs,and the imperialist aggression gradually penetrated into the hinterland of the northeast.When Changshun was appointed general of Jilin in the fourteenth year of Guangxu（1888）,although the previous generals carried out certain governance,many internal problems in Jilin remained unresolved,and external Tsarist Russia was also eyeing the tiger.After Changshun took office,he made certain contributions to the governance of Jilin frontiers in civil affairs and military and political affairs,but he also appeared to be powerless in managing external troubles.First of all,in terms of governance of civil affairs,Changshun was hit by the Jilin flood shortly after he took office,and on the one hand,he sent people to investigate the disaster situation in various places to ask the Qing court for rent-free payment,on the other hand,he changed the relief method according to the disaster situation to raise funds,and stabilized the price of grain by prohibiting the burning of pots.In view of the chaotic financial situation in Jilin Province,Changshun also immediately reiterated the prohibition of erasure,and alleviated the problem of money shortage in Jilin through the purchase and transportation,drumming and minting of money,and spared no effort to crack down on the gentlemen and merchants who violated the law and the yin,and maintained the stability of the financial order in Jilin City.Finally,in terms of developing culture and education and opening up mining affairs,Changshun took over the Russian Literary Academy,supervised the revision of the "Jilin Tongzhi",and opened the San surname gold mine,the Tianbaoshan Silver Mine,and the Jilin Craft Factory,which made important contributions to Jilin’s cultural undertakings and industrial modernization.Secondly,in terms of governing the military and government,Changshun made plans for jilin border defenses,strictly managed the army,and even raised funds to rebuild the Hunchun Fort,which did not comply with the regulations.In addition Changshun personally participated in the Sino-Japanese War,resisted the Japanese invaders,and defended territorial sovereignty.After the end of the war,in view of the fact that the Jilin army was not very effective in operating artillery,Changshun also established the Jilin Armed Armament Academy and trained a number of military talents.The Sino-Japanese War not only became the dividing line between Changshun’s appointment as general of Jilin Province,but also a turning point in Changshun’s personal destiny.Finally,in terms of managing external troubles,before the Sino-Japanese War,Changshun had been regarded as a conservative and xenophobic representative by the missionaries,and after the teaching cases occurred during his tenure,Changshun tried his best to deal with them,but in the end he had to settle the case with compensation and satisfying the missionaries’ demands.In the homicide negotiations involving Tsarist Russia,it was even more unsuccessful,reflecting the situation of weakness outside changshun’s governance.In the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu（1899）,after Changshun was reappointed as the general of Jilin,coinciding with the Boxer Rebellion and the invasion of Tsarist Russia,Changshun completely changed his attitude and surrendered to foreign countries,and finally signed a traitorous treaty,resulting in his disgrace.