Effects Of Clostridium Butyricum And Xylo-oligosaccharides On Intestinal Barrier Function Of Huanjiang Mini-pigs

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum(CB)and xylo-oligosaccharide(XOS)on intestinal barrier function of Huanjiang mini-pigs.A total of128 Huanjiang mini-pigs with an average body weight of 9.5 kg were randomly divided into four groups,and eight replicates in each group with four pigs per replicate(male:female=1:1).The control group was fed basal diet,CB,XOS and synbiotic group(CX)were added with 0.05% CB,0.02% XOS and 0.05% CB+0.02% XOS,repectively.The pre-test period is 3 days and the official period is 84 days.The samples were collected on the28 th,56th and 84 th day of the trial to investigate the effects of CB and XOS on intestinal morphological structure,permeability,mechanical barrier,mucosal immune and microbial barrier of Huanjiang mini-pigs.The results showed that:1)Changes of intestinal morphology and permeability: Compared with the control group,on day 28 of the trial,the villus height(VH)and crypt depth(CD)of jejunum and ileum in CB,XOS and CX group significantly increased(P<0.05);the VH and VH/CD of ileum in CB and CX group significantly increased(P<0.05).On day 56,the VH and VH/CD of jejunum in CB and CX group significantly increased(P<0.05).On day 84,the VH of jejunum in XOS group significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the VH of ileum in CB group significantly increased(P<0.05).The addition of CB and XOS in diets had no significant effect on the intestinal permeability(P>0.05).2)Changes of intestinal mechanical barrier: Compared with the control group,on day28 of the trial,the m RNA expression of occludin of colon mucosa in CB,XOS,and CX group significantly up-regulated(P<0.05);the m RNA expression of MUC20 in CB and CX group significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).On day 56,the m RNA expression of ZO-2 and MUC20 in XOS group significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).On day 84,the m RNA expression of ZO-1,ZO-2,and MUC13 in CB group significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).3)Changes of intestinal mucosal immune: Compared with the control group,the m RNA expression of TNF-α of colon mucosa in CB,XOS,and CX group significantly decreased on day 56(P<0.05).4)Changes of microbial barrier: In the colon contents of Huanjiang mini-pigs,the measured microflora mainly belonged to Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria.There was no significant effect of dietary CB and XOS on colonic microbial alpha diversity(P>0.05).Beta diversity analysis showed that,the microbial communities of individuals in CX group were relatively concentrated,the distance between samples was similar,while the samples of other groups were relatively discrete,and the differences between individuals were large on day 28.In addition,the samples of each group were relatively discrete,and the main components of each group were relatively similar on day 56 and 84.Analysis of the differences in taxonomic composition showed that compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Anaerovibrio and L7A＿E11 in XOS group and Coprococcus and CF231 in CX group significantly increased on day 28(P<0.05).On day 56,the relative abundance of Oscillospira and Pseudomonas in XOS group and Pseudomonas and Dorea in CX group significantly increased(P<0.05).On day 84,the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Slackia in CX group significantly increased(P<0.05).It was found that the addition of CB and XOS significantly affected Nucleotide Metabolism,Xenobiotics Biodegradation and Metabolism,Enzyme Families,and Metabolism of Terpenoids and Polyketides(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that Antinobacteria was positively correlated with the production of valerate,cadaverine,and the expression of IL-1β,while Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the production of spermine and spermidine(P<0.05).5)Changes of microbial metabolites: Compared with the control group,on day 28 of the trial,the concentrations of putrescine,cadaverine,tyramine,1,7-heptadiamine,spermine,and skatole in XOS group,as well as cadaverine and spermine in CB group significantly decreased(P<0.05);the concentration of indole in XOS and CX group significantly increased(P<0.05).On day 56,the concentrations of isobutyrate,isovalerate,skatole,and indole in XOS group,valerate in CX group,as well as spermidine and spermine in CB group significantly increased(P<0.05),while the concentration of indole in CX group significantly decreased(P<0.05).On day 84,the concentration of butyrate in XOS group significantly increased(P<0.05),while tyramine significantly decreased(P<0.05);the concentrations of1,7-heptadiamine,spermidine,spermine,and skatole in CX group significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,CB and XOS can improve the intestinal barrier function and health status of Huanjiang mini-pigs by regulating the intestinal morphology,mucosal immune and microbial metabolites.However,the effect of the combination of CB and XOS is not better than the use of CB or XOS alone.