| In this study,we took the Deep king pigeon,Carneau pigeon(K)and hybrid combinations ternary hybrid matching system Aofeng NO.1(A)as the test objects,to study the changes in body weight of squabs at different age of different breeds on the same feeding environment and the same diet,the secretion of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract,the development of ileum tight junction protein,immune indicators,and the composition of intestinal microbial under the same feeding environment and the same dietary conditions.In this experiment,120 squabs pigeons of 1 day old Deep king pigeon(W)、White Carneau pigeon(K)and hybrid combinations ternary hybrid matching system Aofeng NO.1(A)were selected,each with 6 repetitions and 20 pigeons per repetition.Each pair of parent pigeons is fed with 2 squabs.During the experiment period,keep the open loft,natural ventilation and lighting,automatic feeder feeding,free drinking water.Clean the loft and clear the sink before feeding every morning.Six pigeons of each breed were selected at the age of 1,7,14,and 21 days(maximum of one pigeon was taken from each nest).After weighing,the squab was slaughtered and sampled.The serum was stored at-20℃,and the remaining samples were stored in the low-temperature refrigerator at-80℃ to be tested.The main results were obtained as follows:(1)The weight of Aofeng NO.1 pigeon,Carneau pigeon and Deep king pigeon increased linearly with increasing age from out of the shell to 21 days of age(P<0.01).And the weight of Aofeng NO.1pigeon at the age of 7 days,14 days,and 21 days is 6.93 times,21.67 times,31.16 times when they were at the age of 1 day,the weight of Carneau pigeon at the age of 7 days,14 days,and 21 days is 7.02 times,22.64 times,34.16 times when they were at the age of 1 day,and the weight of Deep king pigeon at the age of 7 days,14 days,and 21 days is 7.09 times,23.42 times,33.53 times when they were at the age of 1day.There was no significant difference in the weight of the pigeons of different breeds at the same day age(1,7,14,21 day)(P>0.05).(2)After hatching,the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin in duodenum,sucrase,maltase and lipase in jejunal of Carneau pigeon was significantly higher than that of White king pigeon and Aofeng NO.1 pigeon(P<0.05).The lipase of Aofeng NO.lpigeon and Deep king pigeon at the age of 7 days was significantly higher than that of canu pigeon(P<0.05).At 14 days of age,the activity of sucrase,maltase in duodenal and trypsin,sucrase,and maltase in jejunal of Deep king pigeon was significantly higher than that of the Carneau pigeon and Aofeng NO.1 pigeon(P<0.05).At 21 days of age,the activity of chymotrypsin,sucrase and lipase in Deep king pigeons was higher than that of Carneau pigeons and Aofeng NO.lpigeon(P<0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in the relative expression levels of ileum tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin at the same day age(1,7,14,21 days)of Aofeng NO.1 pigeon,Carneau pigeon,and Deep king pigeon(P>0.05).(4)The ileum mucosal immune index IL-4 of Carneau pigeon was significantly higher than that of Aofeng NO.1 pigeon at 1,14,21days of age(P<0.05),and significantly lower than that of Deep King pigeon at 7 days of age(P<0.05);Its IL-6 was significantly lower than the Aofeng NO.1 pigeon at 1,14,21 days of age(P<0.05),and significantly higher than that of Aofeng NO.1 pigeon and Deep king pigeon at 7 days(P<0.05);(5)The bacteria in the ileum of Aofeng NO.1 pigeon,Carneau pigeon and Deep king pigeon belong to 7 phylums.The relative abundance of Firmicutes has reached 98%,which is the main phylum of the ileum flora of pigeon.There was no significant difference in the bacterial flora abundance of the ileum of the three breeds of the 21-day-old pigeons(P<0.05).The ileum microbial composition of Aofeng NO.1 pigeon and Deep king pigeon has a higher similarity.To sum up,the weight of Aofeng NO.1 pigeon,Carneau pigeon and Deep king pigeon increased linearly with the increase of day age,but there was no significant difference in the weight of squab among different breeds.Pigeons of different breeds have different digestive characteristics at different developmental stages The mRNA expression level of ileum tight junction protein ZO-1 and Occludin increased significantly with increasing of day age,but there was no significant difference between breeds of the same age.The level of immune-related cytokines in ileum mucosa of Carneau pigeon was higher,and it have certain advantages.Firmicutes are the main phylum that constitutes the ileum flora of pigeon.There was a higher similarity in ileum microbial composition between the 21 day old Aofeng NO.1 pigeon and Deep King pigeon. |
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