| Neonatal piglets obtain different patterns of intestinal microbiota by contacting inoculum or its composition,which not only affects the development of the gastrointestinal microbiota,but also has different stimulating effects on mucosal immunity,and then influences the ability to prevent foreign pathogens.Antibiotics are widely used in the livestock industry due to their efficacy in promoting growth.Current research on the effects of antibiotics on intestinal microflora and mucosal immune have focused on weaned pigs and growing pigs,while little research has been conducted on newborn piglets.Fecal microbiota transplantation is a technique in which feces from a healthy individual is transferred into another’s gut.In this experiment,using technique fecal microbiota transplantation to provide maternal fecal microbiota or antibiotics treatment to investigate the effects of early bacterial intervention on intestinal microflora and mucosal immune development of piglets.The paper includes the following three parts:1 Effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on intestine morphology and intestine development of neonatal pigletsIn the present study,we investigated the effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on morphology and development of intestine.Five litters of healthy neonatal piglets(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire,nine piglets in each litter)were used.Piglets in each litter were orally treated with saline(CO),amoxicillin treatment(AM),or maternal fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on days 1-6,with three piglets in each treatment.Results were compared to the CO group.AM reduced the crypt depth(P<0.05),up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 and IL-8(P<0.05)on day 7,while down-regulated the expression of TLR4,TNF-α and TGFβ(P<0.05)on day 21 in the ileum.FMT decreased the crypt depth on day 7(P<0.05)and down-regulated the expression of ZO-1,TLR4,TNF-α and TGFβ(P<0.05)on day 21 in the ileum.The results indicated that early intervention of maternal fecal microbiota reduced the depth of small intestine crypt,improved the intestinal morphology,and had an effect on mucosal immunity in neonatal piglets.Early intervention with antibiotics reduced the depth of ileal crypt and enhanced the intestinal barrier function of the small intestine,which affected on intestinal immunity.2 Effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of neonatal pigletsIn the present study,we investigated the effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on gut microbiota and the metabolites.The experimental design in this experiment are based on Experiment 1.Results were compared to the CO group.AM reduced the abundance of Arcanobacterium(P<0.05)in the stomach on day 7 and reduced the abundances of Streptococcus and Lachnoclostridium(P<0.05)in the ileum and colon on day 21,respectively.FMT decreased the relative abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto and Parabacteroides(P<0.05)in the colon on day 7,whereas the abundance of Blautia increased(P<0.05),and the abundance of Corynebacterium in the stomach reduced(P<0.05)on day 21.The metabolite profile indicated that FMT markedly influenced carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid(AA)metabolism on day 7.On day 21,carbohydrate metabolism and AA metabolism were affected by AM.The results suggested that FMT and AM discriminatively modulate gastrointestinal microflora and alter the colonic metabolic profiles of piglets and show different effects in the long-term.FMT showed a location-specific influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota.3 Effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on the genes expression profiles in the ileum of neonatal pigletsIn the present study,we investigated the effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on the genes expression profiles.The experimental design in this experiment are based on Experiment 1.Results were compared to the CO group.AM up-regulated 39 expressed genes and down-regulated 191 expressed genes related to sphingolipid metabolism,primary immunodeficiency and B cell receptor signaling pathway on day 7.On day 21,there were 220 up-regulated genes,97 down-regulated genes related to mineral absorption,bile secretion,pancreatic secretion,salivary secretion,PPAR signaling pathway,complement and coagulation cascades,hematopoietic cell lineage,T cell receptor signaling pathway,chemokine signaling pathway,primary immunodeficiency and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.FMT up-regulated 46 expressed genes and down-regulated 40 expressed genes related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction on day 7.On day 21,there were 220 up-regulated genes,97 down-regulated genes related to chemokine signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.The results illustrated that the early intervention of maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics induced the expression of ileal immune-related genes and regulated intestinal mucosal immunity in piglets. |
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