Study On The Technology Model Of Spring Maize Mulching In Cold And Dryareas Of Northwest Hebei Province

Northwest Hebei is a typical cold and arid region,with low annual rainfall,effective accumulated temperature low,frequency of cold damage in spring,and water shortage and low temperature are the key factors restricting spring maize yield in the region.To solve this problem,In this study,Junlong 1213 and Yufeng 613 were used as test materials.From2018 to 2019,field trial were performed at the Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shalingzi Town,Xuanhua District,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province,different mulching film types（black film and white film）,different mulching methods（full and half film）,and different mulching time（ding ling mulching and conventional mulching）.The effects of different film mulching modes on soil water temperature use efficiency and yield in spring corn fields were studied,and the cold and arid area film mulching technology was formed.The main findings are:（1）Experiments with different mulch types show,The moisture content of white film increased by 0.71%、10.63%respectively compared with black film and control farmland soil（0-100cm）,Soil（0-20cm）temperature increased by 0.66℃、1.22℃,and water use efficiency increased by 6.25%、16.39%,the temperature utilization rate increased by5.51%、1.31%;The soil SRP content in the ploughed layer（0-40cm）increased by 20.70%、33.33%,respectively,NH₄⁺-N content increased by1.99%、20.51%,respectively,TP content increased by 12.10%、16.43%,respectively,TN content increased by 5.61%、7.68%,respectively;and the yield increased by 5.57%、10.93%,respectively.Different color mulching films can increase soil moisture and temperature in spring corn farmland,while white films mainly increase soil temperature in the early growth stage（seedling stage and jointing stage）and increase soil water content in the later stage of growth.The effect of white film in Northwest Hebei is better than black film.（2）Tests by different coating methods,The moisture content of full-film mulch increased by 8.68%compared with half-film-covered farmland soil（0-100cm）,Soil（0-20cm）temperature increased by 3.33℃,water use efficiency increased by 6.19%,temperature use efficiency increased by 9.94%;The soil SRP content in the ploughed layer（0-40cm）increased by 21.48%,respectively,NH₄⁺-N content increased by 16.27%,TP content increased by 13.94%,TN content increased by 8.31%;and the yield increased by 10.00%.Among them,the white full film coverage increased more than the black full film coverage,and it had a greater impact on the early stage of childbearing,It shows that full film coverage is better than half film coverage in northwestern Hebei.（3）Experiments with different coating times show,The moisture content of Dingling mulch increased by 9.27%compared with that of conventional mulched soil（0-100cm）,Soil（0-20cm）temperature increased by 8.48℃,water use efficiency increased by 28.34%,temperature use efficiency increased by 21.18%;The soil SRP content in the ploughed layer（0-40cm）increased by 17.53%,respectively,NH₄⁺-N content increased by19.95%,TP content increased by 21.58%,TN content increased by 13.09%;and the yield increased by 21.59%.Among them,the coverage of white mulch ding ling mulching increased more than that of black mulch ding ling mulching,and it had a greater impact on early growth,It shows that the top mulching film in Northwest Hebei is better than the conventional film.Anyway,It can be seen from the comparison of mulch type,mulching method,and mulching time,In cold and arid regions of northwestern Hebei,white film,full film and ding ling mulch should be used,In areas with more weeds and more windy days in spring,black film can be used.