Research On Visual Landscape Elements Combination Preference Of Urban Park Based On Conjoint Analysis Method

In recent years,people’s living standards have been improved,and people’s yearning for a better life has become increasingly evident.As a public space for daily recreation,urban parks have also become one of the objects to improve people’s living standards.In the trend of vigorously building urban parks,it is more necessary to explore what landscape elements and features the public like,and integrate the research results into the design and evaluation.By constructing the framework of the formation and development of the visual landscape preference of "human-landscape-interaction",combining the landscape elements emphasized by the psychophysical paradigm and the landscape features emphasized by the cognitive paradigm,as well as the theoretical basis of both paradigms,the research on the visual landscape preference of urban parks is carried out from the perspective of the physical entity of the objective existence of the landscape elements.And attempts to use the human subjective perception of landscape features to further explore how landscape elements affect the visual landscape preferences.At present,the landscape elements that have a significant impact on the visual landscape preference have been basically defined,but the field of visual landscape preference lacks further research on which combination of landscape elements is more preferred.Trying to explore,in the presence of multiple landscape elements in the form of combination the importance of the visual landscape assessment index of the preference ordering,influence degree and optimal combination way,analysis of landscape elements in exist alone and in combination of the differences in the degree of preference,and landscape features as the junction of landscape elements and landscape features,explains the causes of these differences.In order to refine the research,the urban park landscape is divided into "ornamental" landscape and "recreational" landscape,and led the research through the conjoint analysis method.First of all,a literature content analysis framework was constructed,and literature coding and content recording were carried out on the domestic and foreign literature of visual landscape preference in the last ten years.Through coding frequency analysis,content word frequency analysis and social network analysis,the landscape elements used by high frequency in the study of "ornamental" landscape and "recreational" landscape are obtained respectively.Combined analysis method and orthogonal experimental design method were used to combine the selected landscape elements and their different forms into several experimental groups,and the images were presented by picture simulation method.Through online and offline questionnaire survey of Guangzhou Pearl River Park,the public’s preference for individual landscape elements and combination of landscape elements in urban parks was obtained.In view of the difference in the degree of preference of landscape elements when they appear separately and when they appear in combination,the relationship among landscape elements,landscape features and visual landscape preferences is analyzed through the questionnaire survey of landscape features,so as to explain the above differences with landscape features.According to the analysis results of literature content,water,plants,colors,structures,negative artificial elements and space were selected as the landscape element evaluation indexes of "ornamental" landscape,and plants,water,seats,garden roads,squares and space were selected as the landscape element evaluation indexes of "recreational" landscape.Combined with the landscape features selected from classic literature,complexity,consistency,mystery,naturalness,management and protection,openness,uniqueness,sense of tranquility and vitality are selected as the evaluation indexes of landscape features.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the survey data of landscape elements,the following results can be obtained: 1)the landscape elements in the "ornamental" landscape that have an impact on the preference of visual landscape are ranked as follows: water body,negative artificial elements,vegetation,color,spatial scale,and structures.The optimal combination of "ornamental" landscape is: there is still water,no negative elements,no red and yellow colors,rich vegetation,no structures of the open landscape.2)In the "recreation" landscape,the landscape elements that have an impact on the visual landscape preference are sorted according to the degree of importance: water body,square,spatial scale,vegetation,garden road and seat.The optimal combination of "recreation" landscape is: flowing water body,shaded square,rich vegetation,open landscape with garden road and no seats.The comparative research results show that there are differences in the landscape demand and visual landscape preference for different types of recreational activities,and there are differences in the degree of preference for landscape elements when they appear separately and when they appear in combination.Based on the analysis of the relationship between landscape features,landscape elements and landscape preferences,we found that: 1)in the "ornamental" landscape,interviewees preferred natural,diversified,harmonious and quiet "ornamental" landscape.Mysterious and quiet have significant positive effects on the visual landscape preferences;2)In the "recreational" landscape,the interviewees preferred the well-maintained,dynamic,open,diversified,distinctive and harmonious "recreational" landscape,and the mystique had a significant positive effect on the visual landscape preference.This study further clarified the influence degree of each landscape element on visual landscape preference,provided support for scholars to select appropriate evaluation indicators to construct visual landscape preference evaluation system,and provided certain guiding ideas for landscape architects to optimize design.The difference of visual landscape preference between "ornamental" and "recreational" landscape and the difference of preference degree of landscape elements when they exist alone and when they appear in combination shows that the preference degree of landscape elements is not only affected by landscape elements themselves,but also affected by other landscape elements and the landscape as a whole.To spin out the effect and mechanism of landscape preference into the objective existence of landscape and subjective preferences,and based on the objective existence of the subjective perception of landscape landscape characteristics connection,the relationship between the two for the scholars in the field of landscape preference understanding human-landscape-interaction relationship,which provides a feasible direction for further research.