The Fabrication And Electrocatalytic Activities Research Of Sensors Based On Nanomaterials

Abnormal concentration of some biological small molecules in the human body fluid environment will threaten human health.Building efficient sensors for the sensitive and rapid detection of such small molecular material is one of the current research hotspots in the field of sensors.Electrochemical sensors are widely used as a new analytical method in the fields of clinical drug detection,environmental pollutant monitoring and food safety review because of their advantages of simple preparation method,fast analysis speed,high response sensitivity,low cost,easy integration and miniaturization.Nanoporous materials exhibit unique structural advantages in improving sensor sensitivity and enhancing sensor stability due to their large specific surface area,interconnected network framework and abundant pore structure.The dealloying method is an excellent method for preparing nano-porous materials because of its simple operation,high repetition rate,no pollution to the environment and easy regulation.Based on the above reasons,nano-porous materials with adjustable morphology and composition were prepared as catalytic materials by optimized dealloying method.Different electrochemical sensors were constructed by modifying glassy carbon electrodes to detect small molecules such as dopamine and acetaminophen.The sensing performance in the process of catalysis was tested.The results show that the electrochemical sensor has high sensitivity,good selectivity,low detection limit,continuous stability and high anti-interference.The main content of this article are as follows:1.Simultaneous detection of dopamine and acetaminophen by nanoporous Au Ag alloy particles.Nanoporous Au Ag alloy particles were prepared by the combination of solvent thermal and dealloying methods for simultaneous detection of dopamine（DA）and acetaminophen（AC）.The characterization of scanning electron microscope（SEM）,transmission electron microscope（TEM）and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer（XPS）shows that NP-Au Ag alloy particles are continuous three-dimensional nanospherical structures with about 50 nm in diameter.The electrochemical catalytic properties results showed that the material has high sensitivity and selectivity for simultaneous detection of DA and AC with wide linear range of0.1～130 and 5～650μM,and low detection limit of 0.03 and 0.42μM,respectively.2.Simultaneous detection of dopamine and acetaminophen by nanoporous Au Mn alloys.Nanoporous Au Mn alloy materials were directly prepared by dealloying method to simultaneous detection of DA and AC.Characterizing the prepared nanoporous Au Mn alloy found the material has a ligament size of about 50 nm and a three-dimensional double continuous sponge-like homogeneous structure.The electrochemical properties of the nanoporous material were tested.The results show that the material for simultaneous detection of DA and AC has a wide detection range and good stability.3.Detection of dopamine in hierarchical nanoporous NiCoO₂/Ni composites.Hierarchical nanoporous NiCoO₂/Ni were prepared by one-step corrosion Ni₁₀Co₅Al₈₅ternary alloy.The three-dimensional hierarchical porous sponge structure with a large number of open pores was determined by SEM、TEM、XPS and other characterization methods.The structure was composed of about 150 nm of macropores and about 10 nm of pores.The electrochemical performance was tested.The results show that the electrode has high sensitivity to DA,the peak current has a good linear relationship with the DA concentration in the range of 1～800μM,and the detection limit is as low as 0.12μM.