Research On The Moderate Scale Of Pasture In Heilongjiang Province Based On Green Production Efficiency

Since 2016,with the continuous advancement of the “two cows and one pig” standardized large-scale breeding project in Heilongjiang Province,the dairy cow industry in Heilongjiang Province is undergoing large-scale rapid development.The gradual expansion of the scale of the ranch has gradually highlighted two problems: on the one hand,the current pace of transformation and upgrading of dairy cattle breeding in Heilongjiang Province is relatively large,and there has been a polarization between the huge investment in 10,000-head ranches and the low-efficiency small ranches;on the other hand With the gradual increase in the number of dairy cattle farming,it also has a certain impact on the environment,especially the greenhouse gases emitted during the dairy farming process.How to achieve large-scale and healthy development of pastures under the premise of reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become an urgent problem for the dairy farming industry in Heilongjiang Province.How to determine the degree of scale breeding is also a common concern for breeding practitioners.The "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Large-scale Livestock and Poultry Breeding" clearly stated that the dual needs of environmental protection and the promotion of the development of animal husbandry must be considered in a unified manner to achieve a harmonious unity of the two.In 2019,the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Organic Connection of Small Farmers and the Development of Modern Agriculture",which proposed that the development of various forms of moderately large-scale operations is the only way to build modern agriculture.Therefore,in order to avoid sacrificing the environment as a cost,moderate scale has become a new idea to solve the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and the constraints of large-scale development of dairy cows.The appropriate scale of breeding encourages farmers to develop scale while taking environmental protection into consideration.Taking the environment as a constraint,studying the problem of appropriate scale breeding of large-scale pastures is of great significance to the coordinated development of dairy farming and the environment in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the theory of scale economy and low-carbon economy,this article sorts out and analyzes the survey data through a combination of field investigation,literature analysis,and empirical analysis,and studies the problem of appropriate scale farming of large-scale pastures in Heilongjiang Province.This article will conduct an empirical analysis on the moderate scale operation of large-scale ranches from two aspects.On the one hand,take 126 questionnaire data from four major dairy farming cities in Heilongjiang Province as an example,and incorporate carbon emissions into the moderate-scale cultivation measurement system of large-scale ranches.The SBM-Undesirable model measures the green production efficiency of pastures,and finds the target value of the optimal moderate scale interval through the highest ranking value of production efficiency.On the other hand,the Logistic regression model is used to conduct empirical analysis on the factors affecting the moderate scale,in order to be more scientific and reasonable.Carry out dairy farming instructional practice.The research results show that the situation of dairy farming in Heilongjiang Province is getting better,the introduction of high-yield dairy cows has kept the production of fresh milk stable,and the degree of intensive dairy farming is very high;from the perspective of traditional production efficiency,according to the CCR model,it is concluded that the appropriate scale of dairy farming is 1500～1999 head,production efficiency value is 1.From the perspective of green production efficiency,according to the SBM-Undesirable model,the highest operating range of green production efficiency is also 1500-1999 head,but the efficiency value drops to 0.778.The comparison shows that carbon emissions It has a negative restriction on the efficiency of dairy farming.The appropriate scale of pastures in Heilongjiang Province is affected by many factors:the education level of the pasture operators,the type of operation,whether to participate in breeding cooperatives,the length of breeding,whether to participate in training,carbon emission awareness and low-carbon farming awareness is moderate to Heilongjiang pastures Large-scale aquaculture has a significant positive impact;risk preference and land carrying capacity have a significant negative impact;other assumed influencing factors are not significant for moderate-scale aquaculture in Heilongjiang Province.According to the research content of the article,the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the proper scale of the pasture in Heilongjiang Province are put forward.