The Research Of The Poverty Reduction Effect Of Rural Labor Migration

Under the background of decreasing marginal benefits and rising marginal costs of poverty alleviation policies,the transfer of rural labor force has become the main policy tendency of the government.This paper will use the multi-dimensional poverty measurement model to study the poverty situation of rural households and the impact of labor transfer on it;on this basis,through the measurement of empirical analysis the impact of rural labor migration on family multi-dimensional poverty,and the impact of labor migration on different dimensions of poverty.Firstly,this paper analyses poverty from a multi-dimensional perspective according to Amartya Sen’s theory of capacity poverty.Combining the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations with China’s national conditions,this paper constructs five dimensions of education,health,living standards,subjective welfare and income,which including twelve indicators,like children’s enrollment,education level,health status and so on.This paper chooses the panel data of CFPS database of China’s family dynamic follow-up survey in 2010,2012,2014 and 2016,which are matched and processed.The MPI index is used to measure the incidence of poverty in various indicators and multi-dimensional poverty of rural households in China,and the poverty contribution rate of each dimension indicator can be obtained through multi-dimensional poverty decomposition.The results show that the degree of deprivation of rural households is uneven in each index,and the deprivation situation of each index is different in each year.The deprivation rate of cooking fuel and sanitation indicators is more than 50% annually,especially the deprivation of sanitation indicators is the worst.The deprivation rate of education level is also high,reaching 79.93% in 2012.The deprivation rate of education level declines only in2014 and 2016.In addition,health status,medical insurance and income are also important causes of family poverty.As time passed by,the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty in rural households showed a downward trend.The contribution rate of income,education level,health status and sanitation facilities is higher by decomposing multi-dimensional poverty.The rate of medical insurancepremium increases first and then decreases.The contribution rate of other indicators to poverty is lower,with the contribution rate below 10%.In order to further analyze the impact of rural labor migration on family multi-dimensional poverty,three characteristic variables of migrant workers are introduced,including whether or not to go out to work,the number of migrant workers and the number of times migrant work.Based on the regression analysis of the characteristics of migrant workers,it is found that the incidence of family income poverty and the educational level of the head of household have a significant positive impact on family members’ migration.Per capita household income,sickness and age of head of household are negatively correlated with family members going out to work.Then,through empirical analysis of the characteristics of migrant workers and the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty in families,the results show that: whether to go out to work or not has a negative impact on the incidence of poverty in the subjective welfare dimension,and has a significant positive impact on the incidence of poverty in other dimensions and the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty;the number of migrant workers has a significant positive impact on the incidence of poverty in in the subjective welfare dimension,that is to say,the greater the number of migrant workers,the greater the degree of deprivation of subjective welfare,but it has a significant negative impact on the incidence of poverty in other dimensions such as education and multi-dimensional poverty;there is a significant positive correlation between the number of times migrant work and the incidence of poverty in the subjective welfare dimension,while the number of times migrant work was negatively correlated with multidimensional poverty and the incidence of poverty in other dimensions.That is to say,the longer the out working hours are,the less multi-dimensional poverty and poverty in other dimensions besides subjective welfare dimension.Finally,based on the above research,we recognize the multi-dimensional poverty situation of rural families and the impact of labor migration on the poverty of rural families in all dimensions,and then put forward some targeted countermeasures and suggestions,including strengthening poverty alleviation through education,improving the medical security system,improving rural infrastructure,solving the problems of children’s education and the health of the elderly in families with labor migration and guiding farmers to transfer to non-agricultural industries.