| ObjectiveNumerous studies have shown that children’s overweight and obesity in preschool will have many negative effects on their growth in the later stages.Maintaining healthy body shape,physical fitness and physical function during preschool period will directly affect the physical health of adulthood.Based on this,this study attempts to analyze the potential risks of obese children in preschool age in Shanghai through comprehensive interventions,and compares the pre-and post-intervention comparisons to determine the changes in obesity among preschool children in this study intervention mode,reflecting the physical health and physical fitness of overweight and obese children,seeking and providing more scientific and effective intervention models for obese children,reducing the incidence of obesity in preschool children,preventing and controlling the occurrence and growth of overweight and obesity in preschool children in this city.MethodsThe study subjects were 92 obese children in some kindergartens in Shanghai,aged 4-6 years,48 boys and 44 girls,excluding exercise contraindications.Before the experiment,according to the kindergarten and parents’ wishes,the children were divided into intervention group and control group.The intervention group will undergo a comprehensive intervention for 3 months,and the control group will be a blank control,they study life will be implemented according to the kindergarten teaching plan.The body composition test uses Inbody J20;The physical fitness test is performed according to the “National Fitness Measurement Standards Manual(Children’s Part)”;The bone age is performed using the bone age test instrument;The tracking and acquisition of physical activity is done using a three-axis accelerometer Kenz GX(lifecorder,Suzuken,Japan).One week before the intervention,the children in the test wear the instrument on the right hip every day,and collect the baseline of physical activity of the tested children.According to the test results and activities,the individualized exercise prescriptions of the tested children are formulated.The intervention process lasted for 12 weeks.The researchers exported physical activity data every 2 weeks and made timely reports to parents and teachers.During the intervention period,the target amount was set every 2 weeks.According to the child’s obesity level,the activity target was raised to 25%,20%,and 15% of the baseline value and timely feedback and adjustment were made.After the intervention,the test was repeated and the results of the two groups were compared.Observe the effect of this intervention mode and observe the relationship between obesity and bone age and bone density.Results1.The degree of obesity in children in the intervention group decreased andthere was a significant difference(P<0.05).The post-test data of male/female girls with different obesity levels in the control group showed little change compared with the previous test.There is also a phenomenon of low obesity to high obesity.2.Preschool children’s body shape,composition,and physical fitness change with age,in line with children’s growth patterns.The heights of children of different ages and genders in the intervention group increased,but the weight,BMI,body fat percentage,waist circumference,hip circumference and other indicators showed a downward trend,and the data were significantly different(P<0.05);children’s muscle rate and basal metabolism also showed an increase,but the data were not significantly different.The data of the control group after three months showed that the data of male and female height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference increased in different degrees,and the indicators of muscle mass and basal metabolism did not improve,there is also a phenomenon in which the body fat percentage is increased and the degree of obesity is deepened.Comparing the data of the intervention group and the control group,the children in the intervention group were superior to the control group in height,weight,BMI,waist circumference and hip circumference,and the results were significantly different(P<0.05).The post-test data of children in the intervention group tend to be more normal in the same age group.3.Changes in the activities of preschool children are related to the increase in age and the increase in activities,and there is a significant gender difference between boys and girls,which is consistent with the growth pattern of preschool children.After three months of comprehensive intervention,through the supervision and adjustment of the target activities of children’s regular activities,the number of activity steps and energy consumption of the children in the intervention group increased to varying degrees,and the results were significantly different(P<0.05).In the control group,the number of active steps of children in different age groups also increased,which was consistent with the growth pattern of children,but there was no significant difference before and after.After three months of intervention,comparing the intervention group and the control group,it was found that the number of activity steps and energy consumption of the intervention group increased more,and there was a significant difference in the 5 and 6 years old(P<0.05).4.Obesity affects the physical fitness and athletic ability of preschool children.After 3 months of intervention,the children in the intervention group improved their physical quality and had significant differences(P<0.05).The data of the control group showed no significant improvement in the physical quality of the children and the results showed no significant difference.The physical fitness in obesity children is still at a lower level of their peers.After three months of intervention experiments,the data of the intervention group and the control group showed that the physical quality of the children in the intervention group improved.There was a significant difference in the data comparison between the boys and girls in the standing long jump,the double-legged jump,the round-trip run,and the balance beam(P<0.05).The specific performance was that the children in the intervention group had better test scores and better test performance.5.Preschool children’s overweight and obesity and different degrees of obesityare related to bone age,bone mineral density and other indicators.The specific expression is that the higher the degree of obesity,the more likely the bone age is pre-development;the bone density may also tend to be low in the same age.Conclusion1)Using 3 months of personalized exercise prescription,lifestyle guidance,monitoring and other comprehensive intervention methods,the obesity level of the children in the preschool stage of the intervention group decreased significantly,and the body composition improved significantly.The indicators tend to be the average level in same age group,which reduces the risk of adult chronic disease caused by childhood obesity.2)Through three months of comprehensive intervention,the physical fitness and daily physical activity of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group,indicating that strengthening daily physical activity and improving sports health awareness are important guarantees for improving children’s physical health.3)Preschool children’s obesity level is closely related to bone age development.Obese children are prone to precocious puberty and premature bone age development,suggesting that prevention of childhood obesity and lowering obesity levels have a positive effect on children’s growth and development.4)Preschool children’s exercise prescriptions,activity monitoring,health education,family-kindergarten contact,online and offline comprehensive behavior are effective means of childhood obesity intervention. |
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