The Effect Of Need For Cognitive Closure And Achievement Motivation On College Students’ Risk Decision-making

Decision-making is the guidance of behavior.The result of decision-making is full of uncertainty,which makes most of the decisions made by human beings full of risks,and then risk decision-making is made in prison.In order to achieve a certain goal,people have formulated a number of plans,and through choosing one of these plans as the behavior process of achieving the goal,a systematic decision-making process has been constructed.Since the theory of expected utility was put forward,people have never stopped questioning the "rational person hypothesis".A large number of factors have been defined as the relevant factors of decision-making,such as the time of decision-making,the quality of decision,decision-making preferences,the confidence of decision-makers,and so on.In recent years,people have paid great attention to the research on the effect of the characteristics of decision makers,such as the need for cognitive closure and achievement motivation,on decision-making.And through a large number of studies to verify the correlation between these factors and decision-making.In the theory of the need for cognitive closure,people try to find a clearer answer in order to get rid of the pressures of the current ambiguous situation.Achievement motivation is a series of activities produced by people to achieve a goal that has a positive effect on themselves.At the same time,the results achieved in the activities enable them to gradually surpass others.The need for cognitive closure will push decision makers to find a clear answer as soon as possible so as to get rid of the pressure brought by the ambiguous environment.Achievement motivation promotes decision makers to find the best answer while surpassing others.So,when making a decision,does the decision-maker make the fastest decision to get rid of the ambiguity or make the smartest decision possible,regardless of the time taken? These are different strategies that we may adopt when making decisions in reality.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to find out whether the two most common strategies for risk decision-making are "making the best decision" or "making the fastest decision",and how these two conflicts affect decision-making behavior.Posted studies have not integrated the need for cognitive closure and achievement motivation as the internal motivation of decision makers into the scope of decision-making behavior,which makes the study of these two factors blank.On the basis of defining the results of previous research,this paper incorporates these two factors into decision-making research,explores therelationship between the two factors and decision preferences,as well as the possible interaction between them,by experimental research.Study 1 and Study 2 used risk decision-making questionnaires expressed in two different frames,respectively to explore the relationship between the three variables by grouping the level of need for cognitive closure and achievement motivation of the subjects.Study 3 used balloon analog risk task,which also grouped the level of need for cognitive closure and achievement motivation of the subjects.We explore and verify the relationship between the three variables of college students,which involves more characteristics of risk decision-making behavior.Then the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Risk decision-making is significantly affected by the level of need for cognitive closure.Individuals with higher level of need for cognitive closure cost less time in decision-making,and tend to make risk-aversion behavior while risk decision-making.Individuals with lower level of need for cognitive closure cost more time to consume decision-making,and tend to seek risk in risk decision-making behavior.(2)There is also a significant correlation between risk decision-making and achievement motivation.Individuals with higher achievement motivation have stronger spirit of risk-taking,while those with lower achievement motivation are good at avoiding risk.There is no significant correlation between the time that cost by making decision and achievement motivation;in terms of the quality of decision-making,individuals with high achievement motivation always make better decisions.(3)Need for cognitive closure and achievement motivation have an interaction with risk decision-making,and this interaction exists regardless of whether the risk decision-making situation is presented in a positive frame or a negative frame.Which means: the tendency that high achievement motivation promotes individuals with low need for cognitive closure to achieve achievement by taking risks in decision-making,and low achievement motivation will promote individuals with high need for cognitive closure to avoid risks more in decision-making.(4)Need for cognitive closure,achievement motivation and frame effect play an interactive role in risk decision-making.