A Study On The Job Stress Status And Influencing Factors Of Nurses In A Public Hospital In Southern Africa

BackgroundDue to the special nature and characteristics of nursing work,nurses have high job stress.A large number of studies have shown that nurses who are under job stress for a long time may feel professional fatigue if not timely adjusted.In southern Africa,infectious diseases are rampant but the economy and health care are poor.Botswana is one of the countries in southern Africa with poor medical level.Medical facilities and medical personnel are severe short.It has received long-term medical assistance from various countries.Nurses have been over load working in such harsh environment for a long time,make them under greater job stress.However,there are few studies on the job stress of nurses and its influencing factors in this region."The Belt and Road Initiative"strategic idea was first put forward by President Xi in 2013,which immediately attracted worldwide attention,and has reached the international consensus in the 2017 "One Belt And One Road" international cooperation peak BBS.China-Africa friendship has always been one of China’s important diplomatic strategies and plays a decisive role in the field of international relations.Medical aid is an important part of China’s diplomatic aid to Africa.This research take nurses in a public hospital of Botswana in southern African as an example to study the job stress status and influence factors in southern Africa nurses.The purpose is to understand the source of nurse job stress,stress level,coping styles,and analyze the correlation among them,put forward the constructive measures and suggestions to improve working quality and healthy in southern Africa nurses,to give working direction to China Medical Team in Botswana,also provide supplementary and reference for future related research.ObjectivesThe influencing factors of the job stress of nurses in the public hospital of Botswana in southern Africa were analyzed through a questionnaire survey,and the influence of high job stress on the physical and mental health of local nurses was discussed in depth in combination with qualitative research,which provides important reference for further intervention and reduces the job stress of nurses in southern Africa.Subjects and MethodsThe research consists of two parts:1.Quantitative study methods of nurses in the public hospital in southern Africa260 nurses in the public hospital of Botswana in southern Africa from October 2017 to August 2018 were selected as the subjects of the study by using questionnaire method.The purpose is to analyze the nurse job stress status and affect factors.2.Qualitative study methods of nurses in the public hospital in southern AfricaThe semi-structured interview method was adopted to interview 10 nurses who met the requirements in a purposefully selected sample from January to February,2018.The interview outline was designed by the researchers herself,and the data were sorted out by classification,induction and summary.Statistic and Analysis1.Quantitative data:Epidata was used to establish database,SPSS20.0 statistical analysis software was used for statistical analysis.The general information of nurses was described by frequency,percentage,mean and standard deviation.Job stress status,coping styles were described by means of mean,standard deviation,and analyzed by t test and anova.The correlation among coping styles and stress level,the source of job stress were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.A structural equation model between stress sources and stress level of nurses in the public hospital was constructed by Amos20.0 program.2.Qualitative data:After the interview,the recording of the interview should be converted into the transcript in 24 hours and Colaizzi analysis method was adopted toanalyze the collected data.Extract the main ideas and encode them.Concluded the interview content,analyze and extract the theme.Results1.Quantitative study results:The job stress level of nurses in the public hospital is at medium to high level.The highest score of job stress sources is workload and time allocation(3.22±0.53)among five dimensions of job stress sources,while the lowest score is management and interpersonal relationship(2.53± 0.60).There were significant differences in the scores of job stress sources of age,nursing age,education background and marital status(P<0.05),but there was no statistically significant in different departments on job stress(P>0.05).The level of job stress of nurses was negatively correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.203,P<0.01),and positively correlated with negative coping style(r=0.371,P<0.01).The contexts of theoretical model of influencing factors of job stress level:the workload and time distribution,patient care,working environment and resource,nursing profession,management and interpersonal relationship were taken as measurement variables to jointly constitute the potential variables of nurses’ job stress sources and establish the structural model of its relationship with nurses’ job stress level.The results showed that the model fitting was reasonable,χ2=544.94,df=203.2,χ2/df=2.68,RMSEA=0.068,CFI=0.94,NFI=0.91,IFI=0.94,GFI=0.88,PGFI=0.52.The standardized path coefficient from job stress sources to the level of job stress was 0.61 R2=0.38.2.Qualitative study results:Nurses in the public hospital were tend to produce high job pressure when human resources are insufficient and over work load.Increase of job pressure mainly occurs in the night shift,patients in critical condition,rescue patients,medical equipment insufficient presented by interviewees;High job stress has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of nurses in the public hospital,accompanied by a reduced sense of professional value.They usually deal with it by alcoholic,over eating,quarreling,venting and escaping from reality.Conclusions1.The job stress of nurses in southern Africa is at medium to high level.2.The sources of job stress in southern Africa are mainly related to workload,time allocation and patient care.3.Positive coping style was tend to be adopted by nurses in southern Africa,but negative coping style mostly be adopted by these nurses who have been under high job stress for a long time.