Effect Of Fertilizer Reduction On Soil Quality And Wine Grape Quality And Yield At The Vineyard’

In view of the problems that continuous production capacity reduction and the quality of wine grapes caused by over-reliance on chemical fertilizer,soil infertility and long-term continuous cropping cultivation in the main wine-growing areas of Helan Mountainthe,the study on the soil quality of Helan Mountain.This study takes a 6-year-old experiment on wine grape variety "Cabernet Sauvignon" as the research object,and sets no fertilizer,100%chemical fertilizer,100%organic fertilizer,50%chemical fertilizer+50%organic fertilizer,25%fertilizer+25%,five treatments to explore the impact of fertilizer application on soil quality and wine grape quality..The results showed that:(1)The full-quantity fertilizer treatment had the most significant effect on the yield of wine grapes,up to 7500 kg/hm2,and the soil urease activity was also can significantly improved by 53.7%,but the root activity showed a decreasing trend.The soil bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased,so the soil compacted and consolidated,which was inconducive to the formation of agglomerate structure.In terms of application,the application of chemical fertilizers has a significant effect on the improvement of total phenolic content of wine grapes.(2)The treatment of total organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of soil water-stable aggregates,and had a positive effect on the accumulation of organic matter in soil.The soil available potassium result that alkali nitrogen,total nitrogen and organic matter increased significantly.In addition,organic fertilizer can add.Significantly reduce on the soil bulk density,and significantly improve on the soil total porosity,which is conducive to soil loosening.The application of organic fertilizer increased the abundance of dominant functional bacteria in the soil,and had a significant effect on the tannin and anthocyanin content of wine grapes.Correlation,the significant increase on the length of panicle,the content of anthocyanin and total phenol in the fruit,and reduced the titratable acid content.(3)The semi-quantitative fertilizer organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased the clay content of the sand and deep soil in the middle soil,and had a positive effect on the looseness of the soil.The content of large aggregates in the soil increased,and the agglomeration stability of the soil increased by 0.2%~2.9%,the soil physical properties were also improved to some extent.The semi-application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers had a more stable effect on the alkali nitrogen content of the soil,and significantly increased the available phosphorus and total nitrogen content of the soil.The root activity was significantly enhanced compared with no fertilization,which can improve the activity of invertase,alkaline phosphatase and urease in soil,the effect of sucrase activity is most significant.The number of fungi is significantly reduced,and the bacteria/fungi value under each soil layer is the highest,which is more favorable to form a disease-preventing soil.At the genus level,the application of full organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer halving treatment increased the abundance of Rhodoplanes(Hyphomicrobiaceae family)and Streptomyces(Streptomycetaceae family),respectively,and the application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers enhanced the activity of these bacteria in the soil also can affect the content of alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil.The net photosynthetic rate of fertilizer organic fertilizer was the highest,which increased the stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration.The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significantly lower than that of the whole quantitative fertilizer and the whole organic fertilizer.The fruit size decreased by 9.5%,the ear length increased by 21.9%,and the spikelets increased.It is more conducive to the accumulation of anthocyanins,etc.;the content of total phenols and soluble solids is improved by 7.4%、8.4%,the titratable acid content is reduced.The ratio of sugar to acid is significantly increased,and the ratio of fertilizer to organic fertilizer is increased by 21.2%.In addition,the organic fertilizer of fertilizer is reduced.The improvement effect of half-yield yield is better,up to 7083.33 kg/hm2,and the difference from the full-quantitative fertilizer treatment is not significant.(4)25%chemical fertilizer treatment increased soil available phosphorus content has a significant increase on the content of tannin,anthocyanin and soluble solids in wine grapes,but the excessive reduction of fertilizer also caused a significant decrease in yield.The results of this study indicated that in the wine-growing vineyards in the Helan Mountain area,under the treatment of semi-quantitative fertilizer and organic fertilizer,pure N 181.5 kg/hm2,P205 88.5 kg/hm2,K2O 165 kg/hm2 and organic fertilizer application of 4.5t/hm2 were the best for improving soil quality and wine grape yield and quality.