Preparation Of Composite Nanomaterial Electrode And Its Application In Detection And Catalysis

After more than half a century of development,electrochemistry has become an important sub-discipline in the field of chemistry.It is widely used in the analysis,sensing,catalysis,energy and environmental protection.Electrochemistry is mainly to study the chemical reaction of electrode materials under the action of electricity,so the design and development of electrode materials is particularly important.In the environmental field,electrochemistry can be applied to the analysis and detection of pollutants,catalytic degradation,etc.It is highly efficient and sensitive,and environmentally friendly and energy-saving.It has great advantages compared with other methods,and the electrode material directly acts on the pollutants.The booming nanomaterial science has opened a new era of electrochemical analysis and catalytic technology.Metal nanomaterials,semiconductor nanomaterials,and composite nanomaterials have been widely used in the electrochemical direction.In this study,we designed and fabricated a series of composite nanomaterial electrodes by different methods and applied them to the detection and electrocatalysis achieved good results.In this study,we successfully prepared a series of nano-flower tin dioxide（SnO₂NF）,antimony doped tin dioxide（La-SnO₂ NF）,and antimony doped tin dioxide/carbon nanotubes composite（La-SnO₂ NF/CNTs）electrode material by hydrothermal synthesis.We used X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,cyclic voltammetry（CV）,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）to characterize their structure and electrochemical properties,and loaded them on glassy carbon electrodes.Upper（La-SnO₂ NF/CNTs/GCE）is applied to the electrochemical detection of environmental pollutants bisphenol A.We conducted a series of optimization of test conditions,and studied the relationship between test methods,scanning speed,supporting electrolyte pH,and supporting electrolyte types.The results show that the optimal current response of bisphenol A can be obtained by differential pulse voltammetry（DPV）at a scanning speed of 10 mV s^-1in B-R buffer solution.By doping and conforming SnO₂,it is significantly improved.The detection performance is the best,and the detection ability of La-SnO₂ NF/CNTs is the best.The linear range is 2.0×10^-8 mol/L-1.0×10^-5 mol/L,and the detection limit is 1.02×10^-9 mol/L.Its stability is good,and its anti-interference ability is strong.These may be due to its nano-flower structure exposes more oxidation sites while the carbon nanotubes have good adsorption and conductivity,which reduces the impedance of the sensor.We prepared self-supported nickel-cobalt-based nanowire array electrodes Ni-P/CuO CF and Co-P/CuO CF by in-situ growth and electrodeposition,we characterized it by XRD,photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,SEM,elemental distribution mapping（EDS）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The results show that the prepared material is a self-supporting radial nanowire array structure with a Ni-P/Co-P alloy layer on the surface and excellent electrocatalytic performance.Applying it to environmentally friendly electrochemical water splitting,it achieves a current density of 20 mA cm^-2 in 1.0 M KOH requiring only 1.645 V.We synthesized a semiconductor metal oxide beta-Bi₂O₃ Nano flower material and coated it on carbon paper to make aβ-Bi₂O₃/CPE electrode.The materials were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,EDS and XPS.We applied it to energy-saving and environmentally friendly electrochemical nitrogen reduction and found that it has excellent catalytic effect.The ammonia yield ofβ-Bi₂O₃/CPE reached 19.92μg h^–1 mg^–1_cat.The Faraday efficiency was as high as 4.3%,which was better than most of the similar materials have been reported.