| Flame retardant is a synthetic industrial chemical that is usually added to flammable materials to play an important role in slowing or reducing fires.In recent years,with the banned or restricted use of brominated flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers,organophosphate esters(OPEs)flame retardants have been used as substitutes,and their production and consumption have been increasing.At present,many studies have reported the existence of OPEs in the environment and its toxic effects on organisms.The environmental pollution and ecological health problems of OPEs have attracted more and more attention.Guangxi Beibu Gulf has always been the most suitable aquaculture area in China due to its superior natural conditions,providing a large amount of seafood.However,the rapid development of the economy and society has brought about increasing environmental pressures in the Beibu Gulf.The pollution status of new organic pollutants OPEs in the environment of the Beibu Gulf culture area and the risk assessment of seafood are worthy of attention.At present,relevant research is still in the blank.In this paper,11 common OPEs are used as research objects,and the pollution status and distribution behavior of OPEs in different media(water,sediments,atmospheres and organisms)in closed aquaculture ponds,open cultured sea areas and natural waters.The influencing factors were systematically studied.The dynamics of pollution sources and fate of OPEs in different breeding stages were investigated in shrimp culture ponds along the Maowei Sea.The impact of marine aquaculture on OPEs pollution in Beibu Gulf was evaluated.The pollution prevention and controlling measure of the Beibu Gulf OPEs provides a scientific basis.The main research conclusions include the following aspects:(1)Overall,the concentration of OPEs in the Beibu Gulf culture area is at a low level in the world.The concentration of OPEs in the aquaculture pond water(47.1～227 ng/L)was significantly higher than that in the natural waters(32.9～71.3 ng/L),indicating that OPEs had accumulation in the culture ponds,and the gulf had a dilution effect on OPEs.The concentration of OPEs in Qinjiang(24.6～768 ng/L)is generally higher than that in Maowei sea aquaculture pond(22～243 ng/L),which may be due to the large amount of pollutants from the urben area,reflecting the impact on mariculture cuased by human activities.(2)The distribution of OPEs in environmental media is mainly affected by its physical and chemical properties.The higher the solubility,the more hydrophilic,and the larger the Kow,the easier it is to be adsorbed by particles.At the same time,the TOC of sediments is also a factor affecting the adsorption capacity of particulate matter to OPEs.The higher the TOC content,the more strong the adsorption capacity.In addition,the production and consumption of OPEs are also factors that affect the concentration and distribution of OPEs in the aqueous/deposition phase.(3)This study used bioaccumulation factors(BAFs)to analyze the enrichment effect of marine products on OPEs in the Beibu Gulf.The results showed that THP,TPeP and TCP were bioaccumulative.(log BAFs>3.7),while TDCPP and TEHP have potential bioaccumulation(3.7>log BAFs>3.3).(4)This study made a health risk assessment by calculating the daily intake(EDI).The results showed that the concentration of OPEs in seafood in the Beibu Gulf reached the safe consumption standard,and it would not pose a health risk to the human.(5)This study estimated the sources and emissions of OPEs in the environment of the culture pond in Maowei sea.It is found that OPEs in the culture environment mainly come from aquaculture water sources(rivers and coastal waters),only a small amount comes from atmospheric deposition(0.13～0.16%)and feed(4.57～5.47%).After breeding,most of them(79.38～82.8%)OPEs are mainly discharged into the sea,some of which accumulate in sedimentary particles(11.71～14.03%),and a small amount enters the shrimp(5.5～6.59%). |
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