Observation On The Life Cycle Of Marchantia Polymorpha And Funaria Hygrometrica

Bryophytes are transitional groups from aquatic to terrestrial,and play an important role in plant evolution.Therefore,bryophytes are indispensable chapters in botany and related textbooks.However,in the current botany and related textbooks,the image expression and image quality of bryophytes have been too old,and even lack of picture description.Botany is a descriptive subject.Because of the vagueness of language,it is impossible to make readers understand what they want to express if they rely solely on language description without corresponding plates or photographs.So pictorial instruction is an essential tool in any botanical textbook.In this paper,Marchantia polymorpha and Funaria hygrometrica were used as experimental materials,and the living anatomy,paraffin section,scanning electron microscope and spore culture were used to observe and photograph the life history of Marchantia polymorpha and Funaria hygrometrica.The following color photographs were recorded by observing the periods of the life cycle of M.polymorpha and F.hygrometrica.(1)The structure of M.polymorpha's thallus:air pore,capule,gemmae,rhizoid,scale and so on;(2)The archegoniophore and antheridiophore of M.polymorpha's female and male gametophyte.The development process of archegonium and antheridium;(3)The development process from embryo to sporophyte and the formation process of spore of M.polymorpha;(4)The outer wall ornamentation and the germination process of the spores until they form the lamellae of M.polymorpha;(5)The antheridium growth position and structure of F.hygrometrica.The development process of the sperm cell of F.hygrometrica;(6)The archegoniumgrowth position and structure of F.hygrometrica;(7)The changing process of capsule and the process of spores formation of F.hygrometrica;(8)Spore outer wall ornamentation and spore germination process of F.hygrometrica.A series of observation on the capule and gemmae primordial cells complement the missing plate of the previous textbooks.The drawings of the previous textbooks on the formation and the morphology of antheridium can also be supplemented by theobservation on the development process of antheridium and the anatomy of living antheridium.