The Study Of Adverbs In "Vichao's Sayings"

Mainly taking the Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra translated by Kumārajīva of Later Qin Dynasty as the corpus and its adverb as the research subject,this thesis have made an exhaustive investigation on the adverb of Kumārajīva translated Vimalakirti,conducted systematic collection and analysis on the adverb,used the method combining synchronicity and diachronicity to find some clues on development and change of the adverb of Middle Ancient Chinese and summarize certain regular patterns in its development and change.By examining and checking the adverb of Vimalakirti and comparing it with the word in The Grand Dictionary Of Chinese Language,strive to find the corpus value in it,thus further illustrating the importance of the study of the Chinese edition Buddhist Scripture for the study of ancient Chinese vocabulary.This paper is divided into three parts:The first part is the introduction which mainly introduces the research background,the research value and the research methods of this paper,and the overview of the academic community’s study towards the adverb so far.The second part: the main body whose main content is divided into the following four aspects:Firstly,mainly make a brief introduction on the Vimalakirti and its author,and explain research status of the language in Vimalakirti and the condition of the version used in this paper.Secondly,based on the exhaustive statistics of the adverbs in Vimalakirti,divide the adverbs into monosyllabic adverbs and double syllable adverbs and according to the adverb usage,subdivide into small classes.Combining chart to do data statistics,it is carried out synchronic description and quantitative and qualitative analysis so as to provide a reliable material for the adverbs in Middle Ancient Chinese.Thirdly,summarize the characteristics of monosyllabic adverbs and double syllable adverbs in Vimalakirti and The Sutra Explaining Undefiled Praise,the liberal translation version translated by Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty,is selected to implement diachronic comparison,so as to discover some rules of the adverbs in development and change of ancient Chinese language.By comparison,it can be seen that it generally shows increasing trend of the adverbs in Ancient Chinese.Adverbs is chiefly of single syllable and it maintain constant growth,the growth rate of which is gradual smooth.However,the process of adverbs being disyllable is accelerating,double syllable adverbs is increasing accordingly.For word frequency,both of them show growth.There is little change for usage.Fourthly,compare the adverbs in Vimalakirti with the ones in Grand Dictionary,examine and check one by one and strive to find the corpus value of Vimalakirti to provide the earliest documentary evidence for The Grand Dictionary Of Chinese Language(hereinafter as Grand Dictionary)and supplement adverbs that are not marked or not included in the Grand Dictionary.The third part is the conclusion.Summarize and conclude the full text.It is observed that there is complete adverb system in Vimalakirti,which is centered on monosyllabic adverbs with less double syllable adverbs.On word frequency,much more monosyllabic adverbs can be read than double syllable adverbs.There is not so much newly born Middle Ancient Chinese adverbs in Vimalakirti and also they are besically similar with the ones in early ancient times on usage.Middle Ancient Time is the critical period for connecting the preceding and the following.Studying works of this period will help us to complete the system of adverbs in ancient time Chinese.