The Study Of The Charitable Schools Of Shanxi Province In The Qing Dynasty

The charitable School was great prosperous in Qing dynasty.Under the advocacy of Qing dynasty,the charitable School was introduced in Manchu banner and southwest ethnic minority areas firstly,gradually throughout the urban and rural areas.In addition to the eight banners and ethnic minority,the charitable school was a kind of free educational school which mainly recruited poor children.The teaching was basically divided into two stages: Confucian classics education and elementary education,and the elementary education was the main stage.The charitable school,the community school,and the private school were together charged with the initiatory education of extensive country areas in the Qing dynasty.It helped to promote the local education’s and custom’s development.As a representative of charitable schools in the Qing dynasty,the study of Charitable Schools in Shanxi Province in the Qing dynasty has important significance for us to know the national charitable school,and it is of great meaning to the development of charity Education.The article was divided into three parts: prolegomenon,Body and Conclusion.The prolegomenon part illustrated the reasons and meaning of selecting the thesis,distinguishing the concept between charitable school and the community school,current researches of it,research methods.The Body was divided into six parts.The first chapter gave a thorough analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the charitable School in Shanxi Province.Based on development situation in different periods of Shanxi,it could be divided into four stages—start,fastidious,trough and reviving.Spatial distribution was mainly analyzed from the perspective of different government states,urban and rural areas in the Qing Dynasty.The charitable School in the south was more than the north,and the charitable School in the rural was more than the city.The second chapter was about the founding situation of charitable school in the region of Shanxi province,which mainly analyzes the founder,location,scale,teaching facilities,and the school time.The third chapter explored the teaching situation of charitable school in the region of Shanxi province.Their teaching was basically divided into Confucian classics teaching and initiatory teaching,and the initiatory teaching was the main stage.the education mainly involves reading literacy education,the writing education,moral and ethical education.In addition,the teaching methods include three aspects: reciting,teaching students according to their aptitude and paying attention to moral cultivation.The fourth chapter explored the selection and management of teachers and students of the charitable School.The teacher’s selection in Shanxi province didn’t care about whether he was Shengyuan,paying more attention to the teacher’s virtue.Their income was between tenliang and twenty liang mostly,and the teacher’s management relied mainly on local officials and gentry.Students were mainly from poor families’ children,whose management mainly rely on the school regulations,local officials and gentry.The fifth chapter discussed the fund management of the charitable school in Shanxi province.The source of the funds mainly included the government donations,private investment and accrual income.The fund outlay was include teacher’s pay,the student’s tuition fee and paper inks tone,handyman wage and establishing and maintenance cost.The main participants of the fund managers were local officeholder,gentry,teachers and village officials.The sixth chapter mainly discussed the influence of the charitable school in Shanxi province.It helped to popularize the local education,change existing habits and customs,through humanization,which had promoted the stability of the ruling orders.The conclusion part discussed the characteristic and development dilemma of the charitable school of Shanxi.