Comparative Study Of The 13^thto 14^th Century’s Mongolian Image In The Eyes Of The East And The West In Mongolia Travel

The 13th to 14th century’s Mongolia began to get stronger and built the trans-Eurasia Mongolian Yuan dynasty,which greatly promoted the cultural exchanges between the east and the west.From then on,Missionaries,ambassadors,merchants,Kings from neighboring the east and the west countries came to Mongolia and they left behind a lot of travel stories about the situation in Mongolia.These travelogues were translated into various languages and were widely spread.In the middle of the 20th century,these travels were translated into Mongolian and became a mirror of "Self’ from the perspective of "Others".Because the tourists kept a record of specific social politics,economy,cultural environment for their readers fonn the perspective of others’ to build the otherness of the image of the intercultural communication practice results.This paper consists of introduction,main body(chapter one,chapter two,chapter three)and conclusion.The introduction mainly states the basis of topic selection and the research object,predecessors’ research situation,the research space,the research content and research methods,research purpose and research significance and the definition of the related concepts.The first chapter introduces the 13th and 14th century’s "Travels to the West of Qiu Chang Chun",YeLvchucai’s "Westward journey","The journey to the north",Zhaogong’s "The Mongol Tatar history ",Pengdaya and Xuting’s "The black Tatar history","Plancarpin’s Mongolian travels","Zhangdehui’s Mongolian travels","Rubruk’s Mongolian travels","Hutom Mongolian travels","The Travels Marco Polo","Odolik’s travels".And based on the theory of cross-cultural communication,this paper analyzes the communicator,media,communication method,audience and time of communication of the above 12 Mongolian versions.The second chapter analyzes the external image of Mongolian people(appearance,costume,verbal behavior)and inherent image of Mongolian people(personality,intelligence,cultural value orientation)in the eyes of the east and the west of the 131th to 14th century.And the analysis result is,Oriental tourists presented khan,the poor,officials,the rich,men’s and women’s image and Mongolian image while western tourists,in addition to the above seven images,also presented the slave image in class.The third chapter concludes as follows by comparing the external image and inherent image of the Mongolian people in the 13th and 14th centuries in the eyes of the east and the west:First,Oriental tourists presented Genghis khan,Ogedei Khan,Kublai Khan image,while in western tourists presented the Batu,Guyug,Mungke,Kublai Khan image.Though both of them described Kublai Khan,in western eyes of Kublai Khan can be greater than the sum of the abilities of the other five Mongolia khan,and above all Christian pops’ abilities and in the description of Kublai Khan is also different from the east.Second,different from the perspective of the east,western tourists thought the poor Mongolian were honest,filial and not greedy.Third,in the eyes of the west the Mongolian male were different from the other east in verbal behavior and loving wife.Fourth,from the aspect of female image,the western tourists described costume and hair style of married and unmarried women so as to create diligent and virginal women,which was different from the east.Fifth,from the aspect of the common image of Mongolian,the east described Mongolian as disrespectful to their parents while the west described a different image that Mongolian respected their parents.Sixth,the west described a different images of the rich and the officials,which were different from the eastern tourists’ description in etiquette and low-voiced images.Seventh,although the west vividly described Mongolian image,the accuracy of objects;name was not as good as the east.For example,the west described Mongolian female’s Gu gu crown as "something like human foot ",powder and the wolf excrement as "something ugly".Because of the different natural environment,social system,beliefs and customs,the west and the east described different images of Mongolian people.They paid more attention to different images.The less cultural differences between the tourists and Mongolian people becomes,the more the tourists can accurately describe Mongolian image.In eastern travel journal,they created Mongolian people by referring to their own culture,however,the western tourists used anthropology,folk-custom and Mongolian culture to evaluate Mongolian culture and were not totally based on their own culture.This paper has five innovations:It is based on Mongolian translation literature;It covers all the east and west Mongolia’s travels;From the perspective of cross-cultural conmmunication comparative study the facts history and narrative history which view as the same cultural scene;Distinguish analysis the category image and Mongolian image;Compare with the folklore of the Mongols and others study;etc.The difference between the image of the mongolians in east and west requires us to communicate with their respective characteristics,and it is a reference and basis for our foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses.