Research And Development Of Vermicomposting Of Different Organic Materials And Vegetable Seedling Substrates

With the rapid development of economy in China,the generation of organic solid wastes is increasing.The improper disposal of organic solid wastes will cause serious impact on the environment and human health.Therefore,the disposal of organic solid wastes is starting to be more widely concerned.The potential in resource of organic solid wastes is tremendous owing to its rich organic matter and nutrients.Vermicomposting is a soild organic waste decomposition process through the digestive system of the earthworm.During vermicomposting process,important nutrients are much more soluble and available to earthworm and other organisms under the effect of enzyme.The vermicompost has good physical properties,high humus content,nutrient availability,and microbial activity.In this study,we choose the different proportions of the cattle manure,tea-leaf and herb residue were chosen for vermicomposting experiment,and study the characteristics and transformation of nutrient content and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence(3DEEM)during vermistabilization by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods.According to the growth of earthworm(Eisenia fetida),the best vermicompost were selected,then finally,the vermicompost was applied to tomato seedling and Chinese cabbage seedling substrate.The main results were as follows:The different ratios of cattle manure with herb residue,and cattle manure with tea-leaf were conducive to the growth of earthworm,while the materials compounded with mushroom inhibited the growth of earthworm;With the increasing time of verimcomposting,the pH in vermicompost trended to be natural and weak acid,and there were an increase in the contents of EC,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus,and a decrease in organic matter content.While the total potassium and available potassium increased first and then decreased;and the organic matter content decreased;3DEEM and fluorescence regional integration(FRI)results indicated that,the fluorescence of protein-like fluorescence peaks declined significantly,while the intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak increased significantly in the dissolved organic matter(DOM).Vermicomposting process may change compositions of DOM with an elevated concentration of humic acid and fulvic acid in the organics.In all,this study suggested the suitability of 3DEEM for monitoring the organics transformation and assessing the maturity in the vermicomposting.The tomato seedling experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of substrate,from five proportions tea-leaf vermicompost to peat,perlite,vermiculite(1:5:2:2,2:4:2:2,3:3:2:2,4:2:2:2,6:0:2:2,namely treatment Ⅰ,treatmentⅡ,treatmentⅢ,treatmentⅣ,treatmentⅤ,respectively)on the tomato seedling growth.The botany properties and characters of tomato seedling were observed to discuss the application effect of tea-leaf vermicompost substrate.The results showed that in all treatments of the compound substrate of tea-leaf vermicompost,expect of treatment Ⅰ,in composite substrate in addition to treatment Ⅰ,the tomato seedling and indexes were superior to the control treatments(conventional seedling substrate in market),and the treatments IV had the best effect,followed by treatment V.With the increasing proportion of tea-leaf vermicompost,the plant height,stem diameter,SPAD value,and root morphology index of tomato seedlings firstly increased,and then decreased obviously.Vermicompost substrate effect and the function of Chinese cabbage seedlings of tomatoes seedling,also the effect of treatmentIV is the best.In this experiment,the substrate with the appropriate proportion of tea-leaf vermicompost can obviously improve the quality of tomato seedlings and Chinese cabbage seedling,and the treatment Ⅳ is was the best,which can be recommended for the actual production of tomato seedling and Chinese cabbage seedling.