| To improve the intensive planting system of tissue culture seedling in Dendrobium officinale, thirteen kinds of medium were produced using the wood shavings, sawdust and pine bark as material with the simplex centroid mixture design; the influence of medium kinds on growth and content of polysaccharide in transplanting seedlings; The tissue-cultured plantlets of D. officinale were served as experiential materials, with N, P, K and Ca as 4 factors orthogonal design experiments, to study the different nutrient solution treatment on the growth and the influence of polysaccharide content; Greenhouse cultivation of biennial D. officinale were served as material, to study the ecological factors, such as temperature, relative humidity and light intensity on its growth and with the influence of effective constituent; The annual, biennial, and three years life transplanting seedlings and wild D. officinale were served as materials, to study its growth and composition and the changing rule of the planting fixed number of year. The results showed that:1. The simplex centroid mixture design was adopted,and it built three regression models between substrate ratio and the plant height, stem diameter and polysaccharide content. The result showed that, when the rate of wood shavings, sawdust and pine bark was 16.5%:35.7%:47.8%, while the predicted maximum of the stem length was 14.57 cm. when the rate of wood sawdust and pine bark was 41.9%:58.1%, the predicted maximum of the stem diameter was 8.01 mm. when the rate of wood sawdust and pine bark was 35.6%:64.4%, the predicted maximum of the polysaccharide content was 13.51%. by the multi-objective optimization, On the strength of multi-objective optimal design, the optimal ratio of sawdust and pine bark was 37.2%: 62.8%. Verification of it is that the actual maximum of the stem length, stem diameter and polysaccharide content is 13.51 cm, 7.86 mm and 13.07%, which identified with the optimal maximum.2. Under different nutrient solution formula, when the combination of N, P, K and Ca was 1:3:3:3, the stem length was the best and was 15.42 cm. The importance of nutrient solution formula for stem length was K > P > N > Ca. The content of N, P, K had highly significance on length growth, however the content of Ca had no significant difference;When the combination of N, P, K and Ca was 3:3:2:1, the stem diameter the best and was 8.54 mm. The importance of nutrient solution formula for stem diameter was P > K > Ca > N. The content of P and K had highly significance on diameter growth, however the content of N and Ca had significant difference; when the combination of N, P, K and Ca was 3:3:2:1, the polysaccharide content was the best and was 14.54%. The importance of nutrient solution formula for polysaccharide content was K > P > Ca > N. The content of N, P, K and Ca had highly significance on polysaccharide content.3. Single-shading net was used to cover seedling in April, October and December, however, while double-shading net was used, with wet curtain and fan, in June and August. In April, temperature, humidity and illumination of the stereoscopic cultivation were 20.6 ℃, 71.80%, 4753 lx, and which of the bed planting were 21.1 ℃, 72.70%, 4900 lx; In June, temperature, humidity and illumination of the stereoscopic cultivation were 22.8 ℃, 80.90%, 7123 lx and which of the bed planting were 23.3 ℃, 80.10%, 7497 lx; In August, temperature, humidity and illumination of the stereoscopic cultivation were 24.3 ℃, 84.10%, 9223 lx and which of the bed planting were 24.3 ℃, 82.90%, 9365 lx; In October, temperature, humidity and illumination of the stereoscopic cultivation were 21.3 ℃, 74.50%, 5971 lx and which of the bed planting were 21.6 ℃, 74.20%, 6340 lx; In December, temperature, humidity and illumination of the stereoscopic cultivation were 13.6 ℃, 72.30%, 3174 lx and which of the bed planting were 13.7 ℃, 72.00%, 3353 lx.Under the stereoscopic cultivation and bed planting, stem growth and effective components of D. officinale is consistent with the PLS relationship of the ecological factors. Temperature and illumination in June, October had the strong positive correlation to the stem length, stem diameter and polysaccharide content. Temperature and illumination in August, December had the strong positive correlation to the alkaloid content. Temperature of August and illumination of December had the strong positive correlation to the alkaloid content, but temperature of December and illumination of August had the strong negative e correlation. Temperature of December and illumination of August had the strong negative e correlation to total amino acid content.4. The 3-year old stem length and stem diameter of bed planting were the best with 30.49 cm and 7.79 mm. However, the wild stem length was the worst and was 12.59 cm, while the 1-year old stem diameter of stereoscopic cultivation was the worst and was 6.67 mm. In the same way of cultivation the changing rule of stem length, stem diameter was 3-year old≈2-year old>1-year old. Under the same year of cultivation, the stem length and stem diameter of bed planting were superior to them of stereoscopic cultivation.The polysaccharide content of 2-year old bed planting was the highest, with 28.06%, while the 1-year old stereoscopic cultivation was the worst and was 14.54%. In the same way of cultivation, the changing rule of the polysaccharide content was2-year old>3-year old>1-year old, there was obvious difference 2-year old between 1-year old and 3-year old. Under the same year of cultivation, there was no obvious difference between the stereoscopic cultivation and bed planting, and there was obvious difference between the wild and the 2-year old artificial cultivation, but no obvious difference to others.The alkaloids content of the wild was the highest and was 0.284‰, which only no obvious difference to the 3-year old stereoscopic cultivation, while the 1-year old bed planting was the worst and was 0.097‰. In the same way of cultivation, the changing rule of the alkaloids content was3-year old>2-year old>1-year old. Under the same year of cultivation, the alkaloids content of the stereoscopic cultivation was superior to them of the bed planting, which were no obvious difference to each other.The content of amino acid of the wild was the highest, with 57.29 mg/g, while the 2-year old stereoscopic cultivation was the second(48.68 mg/g), and the 1-year old bed planting was the worst(39.76 mg/g). The changing rule of the content of amino acid was2-year old>3-year old>1-year old. The content of essential amino acid for human of 2-year old stereoscopic cultivation was the highest, with 18.51 mg/g, the 2-year old bed planting was the second and was 18.28 mg/g, and the 1-year old stereoscopic cultivation was the worst and was 16.51 mg/g. The changing rule of essential amino acid for human was2-year old>1-year old>3-year old. in the same year of cultivation, the contents of amino acid and essential amino acid for human of 1-year old stereoscopic cultivation were lower than bed planting, but 2-year old and 3-year old were higher than bed planting.The changing rules of the content of Ca, Fe, Se, Cd and Pb were 3-year old>2-year old>1-year old, The changing rules of the content of Zn was 2-year old>3-year old>1-year old. The range of content of Ca was 376.51~1521.76 mg/kg, which significantly higher than other elements; The ranges of content of Fe, Zn, Se were 123.35 ~ 83.51 mg/k、21.58 ~ 52.39 mg/kg、0.034 ~ 0.041 mg/kg, and the contents of 2-year old and 3-year old artificial cultivation significantly higher than the wild. The ranges of content of Cd and Pb were 0.026 ~ 0.011 mg/kg,0.06 ~ 0.11 mg/kg, which significantly lower than green trade standards of foreign trade and economic cooperation for medicinal plants and preparations, that stipulated the Cd content was below 0.3 mg/kg the Pb content was below 5.0 mg/kg.The results in this study had guiding significance for The choice of substrate ratio, the reasonableness of fertilization, the control of environmental factors, and the confirmation of harvest year and the development of bionic cultivation in the field environment. |
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