Systematics Of Homoneura From Qinling Mountains(Diptera:Lauxaniidae:Homoneurinae)

The lauxaniids are saprophagous and fungivorous insects.They have attracted much interest by important ecological balance holder,especially sensitive to environmental changes.The genus Homoneura is one of the largest genera of subfamily Homoneurinae of family Lauxaniidae in Order Diptera.There are more than 720 species known to the world,more than 220 known species in China.The lauxaniids from Qinling Mountains are described systematically for the first time.There are 4 species new to science of the subgenus Euhomoneura.There are 20 species new to sciences,and 2 species newly recorded,12 species new to Shaanxi Province and 1 revised synonym of the subgenus Homoneura.The keys to separate 2 subgenera,10 species groups and 38 species are provided.The figures of male genitalia from thirty eight species are illustrated.The photos of partial characteristics from head,thorax,abdomen and wing are taken.The Chinese catalogues of two subgenera are presented.Based on the morphological data,the cluster analysis and the outgroup comparision method,the relationships between the 38 species of 10 species groups of two subgenera are carried out.The results of cluster analysis show that some species of the Homoneura(Homoneura)singularis group are clustered into one clade with a common feature:two brown spots exists between crossvein r-m and apical spot on R4+5;some species of the Homoneura(Homoneura)henanensis group are clusted into one clade with a common feature:one brown spot exists between crossvein r-m and apical spot on R4+5.Three species H.(E.)zhouzhiensis,H.(E.)yanqingensis,H.(E.)inflata of Euhomoneura are clustered into one clade with a common feature:wing has brown spots on the crossveins and longitudinal veins and the protandrium is circular.But the species H.(E.)shatalkini was not clustered with three above-mentioned species into one clade.Maybe it s because the protandrium is semicircular.Based on locations of 38 species,the faunal compositions of two subgenera of Homoneura are primarily analyzed.The results show that 6 species distributes in the Oriental region,accounting for 12.63%in the specific level;9 species distributes in the Palearctic region,accounting for 23.68%in the specific level;23 endemic species distributes in Qinling Mountains,accounting for 60.52%in the specific level.All specimens(including type specimens)were deposited in the collections of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.