The Interactive Coupling Relationship Between Urbanization And Eco-environment Of Ningxia

The interactive coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment is a hot issue in the study on urban development and regional geography. Since the 1978’s reform and opening-up, along with the rapid development of economy, the level of urbanization in China has achieved rapid ascension. At the same time, it inevitably brings about a series of ecological environmental problems. The contradiction between the huge demand for energy and pollution emission has put great pressure on the resource environmental carrying capacity and security of ecological system. The above performance in ecologically fragile regions of west China is particularly prominent. Therefore, under the background of Western Development Strategy continuously deepened and several new strategic layouts (such as Five integration strategy, Four modernizations changed five and Silk road economic belt), it becomes vital to coordinate the relationship between urban development and ecological environmental protection, which attaches importance to socially, economically, ecologically sustainable development in western China.On November 27,2014, when Premier Li Keqiang visited the human settlements development research in the National Museum, he stressed that we should break "Hu Huanyong Line" to promote urbanization in the western region. He thought that Midwestern people also should share the modernization. On March 24,2015, the "green" was firstly raised on the politburo meeting upon the basis of "Four Modernizations". Based on these era development demands, this paper chooses Ningxia autonomous region as the research case. As typical ethnic minorities in the western region and economic less-developed areas, the rate of population urbanization in Ningxia has grown steadily and orderly in recent years. But subject to long-term traditional and extensive development pattern, the regional ecological environment has been a certain degree of damage. Ningxia is also facing pressure of urban development and environmental protection. Therefore, scientific understanding and mastering the comprehensive level of urbanization and ecological environment in Ningxia is of great significance to reasonably protect and utilize the resources and environment of Ningxia, which is vital importance to improve the quality of urbanization and city life.The relationship between urbanization and ecological environment of the coupling interaction research at home and abroad were roundly summed, and then we constructed the coupling coordination degree evaluation model (CCDM) on the basis of the comprehensive level of urbanization and ecological environment evaluation system. Structure of entropy method and mean square deviation decisionare used to determine the index weight. We analyzed and compared the five cities’s urbanization and ecological environment dynamic change characteristics of coupling coordination degree, from 2001 to 2013 and divided the five administrative areas in Ningxia coupling coordination degree, and finally put forward relevant development countermeasures and suggestions.Paper’s main work and getting the main conclusions are as follows:(1) Population, economy, space, society four dimensions, a total of 17 indicators of urbanization was selected.The Ningxia region comprehensive evaluation system of the level of urbanization was constructed.Urbanization measure, difference and evolution of comparison, the results showed that:①In the strategy of "central city" and "along the yellow" urban construction development strategy under the guidance, comprehensive level of urbanization has entered into the phase of rapid development in Ningxia, among them, social urbanization of the economy, space and society were the main driving force; ② In 2013,the urbanization comprehensive level score in Ningxia was, Yinchuan>Shizuishan>Wuzhong>Zhongwei>Guyuan, from north to south,the tendency was gradually lower;③CV value calculation showed that comprehensive level of urbanization of the differences between Ningxia municipalities had certain trend. The future of Ningxia region urbanization would face both opportunities and challenges. Ningxia should firmly grasp the national symbol of support to several old revolutionary base areas and support the opportunity of great-leap-forward development in national regions, optimizing the urban industrial structure, promoting economic core driving force of urbanization.It was needed to promote the spatial structure of city cluster network structure and overall coordination level by the yellow zone arid focus of urban construction, urban construction and building construction of regional central city and the county.(2) Sources, ecological factors, ecological pressure and ecological response totally 21 ecological environment subsystem and four dimensions were selected to construct Ningxia region ecological environment comprehensive evaluation system. The level of ecological environment measure, difference and evolution of comparisondrew the following conclusions: ①since 2003, Ningxia has been persisting in taking the ecological construction as the implementation of the scientific outlook on development in Ningxia. Now it presents "the overall stem, better in" new characteristics;② the administrative ecological environment comprehensive level showed different change.However, the CV value showed that CV value ecological environment of the differences between Ningxia municipalities have been smaller;③ the ecological environment of Ningxia is facing both opportunities and challenges. Ningxia has adopted a series of major policy support to adjust the structure of investment in fixed assets and to strengthen the construction of agriculture and rural infrastructure.The investment should focus on improving farmers’ production and living conditions-the "six small projects". Due to the fragile ecological environment and the resource scarcity, the growth of population had been beyond the carrying capacity of land resources, water resources, the contradiction between population, resources and environment was more and moresevere.(3) Complicated coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment was emerged, which based on five cities’ data such as society, economy and environment. The urbanization and ecological environment of the coupling coordination degree evaluation model (CCDM) were constructed and the five cities in 2001 ～2013 of urbanization and ecological environment dynamic change characteristics of coupling coordination degree were compared. The results showed that: ① the urbanization and the ecological environment of the two subsystems contribution share index respectively, biggest economic urbanization, the ecological pressure.The comprehensive level of urbanization and ecological environment comprehensive level all showed a trend of steady rise; ② the coupling coordination mode in different cities have different evolution characteristics.There are also two main types:one is for Yinchuan and Shizuishan.The transition to the coordinated development is advanced. However, with the continuous progress of urbanization, the ecological environment problem was more serious, the development of urbanization would be restricted by certain. Wuzhong,Guyuan and Zhongwei city, were not in harmonious development and in lag phase transformation in development of urbanization. They were under a variety of preferential policies and the increased urban investment, the comprehensive level of urbanization would gradually be rasied up. But the special natural background and fragile ecological environment made these areas changing the pattern of economic development, and it needs optimizing the industrial structure and layout, alleviating the ecological pressure, in this way can realize the harmonious development of urbanization and ecological environment; ③ Compared with the developed areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Ningxia region urbanization and ecological environment of the coupling coordination level were relatively backward. Ningxia should grasp the opportunity to deep along with yellow town construction and building regional central city and town construction to promote the regional coordinated development between urbanization and ecological environment. On the whole, due to the deepening of the town along the yellow belt the resource consumption of Yinchuan, it will be greaterin the process of urbanization and industrialization.The ecological environment pressure will continue. Wuzhong, Guyuan and Zhongwei are facing with not in coordination during the period of transition.The urbanization development level is relatively backward, so it is necessary to within the range of carrying capacity of ecological environment, optimizating spatial population distribution, population and industries of urban agglomeration. Under the background of deepening in the western development, the research ideas and methods of this paper may provide the basic policy making to the undeveloped provinces of regional development.