Study On The Regulation Of Tea Saponin On Rumen Microorganisms Of Dairy Cows, Rumen Fermentation And Milk Performance

Ruminant rumen microorganisms provided the energy for the body by fermentation of feed cellulose, proteins and other substances, meanwile, producing methane, ammonia nitrogen and other substances, not only causing loss of feed energy but environmental pollution. Therefore, scholars at home and abroad have been working to study the rumen microbial flora and rumen fermentation, with purpose to regulate rumen fermentation and the growth performance of animals through the manipulation of rumen microbial flora. The experiment, with natural plant extracts of tea saponin as test material, was conduced to study of different doses of tea saponin effect on Holstein dairy cow rumen fermentation parameters, number of rumen microbial and production performance.1 Effect of tea saponin on rumen fermentation parameters and number of rumen microbialThis experiment was conducted to study the effect of tea saponin on fermentation and rumen microflora of dairy cow rumen.12 healthy Holstein cows with similar weight were used, randomly divided into for four groups, respectively in TMR diet drenched with 0 (control group),20,30,40 g/d of tea saponin, tea saponin and water mixed for drenching. Pre experimental period went 14 days. The trial period went 35 days. Rumen fluid was collected with oral sampler on 1 h before morning feeding during every 7 days for determination of rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microorganisms by qRT PCR determination. Results showed that:1) Compared with the control group, tea saponin significantly reduced the ruminal pH, NH3-N concentration (P< 0.05), not exceeding the normal range value, significantly increased the microbial protein yield, concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid (P< 0.05), with microbial protein yield of 30 g/d tea saponin group increasing 20.20% significantly, but did’t affect volatile fatty acid and acetic acid concentration significantly (P> 0.05).2) Compared with the control group, the number of rumen protozoa, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens of tea saponin groups were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), with no significant change (P> 0.05) to Methanogens, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and no significant difference to Ruminococcus flavefaciens and fungi quantity (P> 0.05).But with the increase of the dose of tea saponin, Ruminococcus increased at first and then decreased. In summary, add of tea saponin to the diet of cow would change the pattern of rumen fermentation and have a significant effect on the rumen microbial flora.2 Effect of tea saponin on rumen bacteria and protozoa floraDNA was extract from 1.5 ml of test from the rumen fluid samples by bead milling of CTAB method to study dairy cow rumen bacteria and protozoa floristic changes using DGGE electrophoresis, combined with R DNA sequence analysis technology. Results showed that:1) compared with the control group, differences of rumen bacterial richness, Shannon index and homogeneity index and dominance index of tea saponin groups were not significantly (P> 0.05), but the rumen bacterial richness and Shannon index increased, tea saponin increased the number of bacteria of the genus Prevotella.2) compared with the control group, rumen protozoa richness and Shannon index were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), dominance index increased significantly (P< 0.05), homogeneity index’s difference was not significant (P> 0.05), tea saponin reduced the number of ciliata, hair protozoa of tea saponin groups. In summary, feed with tea saponin would increases the diversity of rumen bacteria, decrease the diversity of the rumen protozoa, and inhibit the growth of protozoa.3 Effect of tea saponin on the growth performance of dairy cows20 healthy Holstein cows with similar weight were used, randomly divided into for four group, and treatment were same to Exp. one. During the trial period, the milk production of cows in early, middle and late stage was recorded, and 50 mL milk samples were collected at the early, middle and late stage (4:3:3) every 7 d, and milk composition and somatic cell count were measured. The results showed that compared with the control group, the rate of lactose in milk decreased significantly of the addition of tea saponin groups, milk yield and fat corrected milk decreased significantly of 40 g/D tea saponin group (P< 0.05), tea saponin group milk yield and fat corrected milk had increasing trend of 20 and 30 g/D (P> 0.05), milk fat percentage and milk protein rate, decreased urea nitrogen and somatic cell count increased of tea saponin groups (P> 0.05). In summary, feed would increase cow’s milk yield and milk quality with add of 20 and 30 g/D of tea saponin, reduce the cow’s milk yield and milk quality by adding 40 g/D of tea saponin.