Research On Regional Division Based Routing Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network, as a special kind of Ad-hoc network, is made up of alarge number of micro-sensors in multi-hops way. The major task of WSN is to collectdata form monitoring area, that is to say, it sends data from source node to the sink.However, as an intrinsic deficiency,“hole” existing in data collecting which resultfrom the unbalanced consumption of energy, deployment void, routing void, eventvoid, environmental barrier and so forth. Thus, how to solve the holes problem,balance the load of nodes and prolong the network lifetime is the mainly target of thispaper.In this paper, we studied some typical routing protocols and energy holeprocessing strategies. In order to overcome the shortcomings of low energy efficiency,short lifetime as well as the sophistication that existing in most of the routingprotocols, a load balance regional division routing algorithm with highenergy-efficient was proposed. This algorithm adopted two ways to transfer data bothin inter and intra regions for avoiding routing hole in the initial network stage, and theroute updating time of each sub-region was determined by the lifetime of thissub-region, this method can prolong network lifetime through balancing the energyconsumption of network.The main work of this paper is as follows:1. To analyze the characteristics of wireless sensor network and some routingprotocols, and compare three routing algorithms based on geographic information, itfinds out existing problems and the insufficiency in these three algorithms, somegoals were obtained for designing our routing algorithm.2. This paper introduces an idea of regional division to divide the network andbalance the network load. At first, a weight value for each individual was set up,which concerned about the residual energy of nodes and the distance between nodes tosink. After that, we used absorption strategy to determine the region which nodesexist, the node with larger weight value will have more power to absorb the neighbornodes and more loads in node, on the contrary, the node with smaller weight valuewill have less or no loads in node, therefore absorption strategy have a good role inlode balancing. Finally, a forest based topology with load balancing was obtained ininitial network stage and we considered each child tree in forest as a sub-region. 3. This paper employ two ways of inter and intra regional for data transmission.The data transfer inside the sub-region used the conventional way without routinghole. While the data transfer among different sub-regions was finished through thekey nodes which have a way to the sink, so that to reduce the appearance of routinghole.4. In light of the difference lifetimes of each sub-region, this paper appliesdynamic routing updating time to renew network and balance the energy consumptionin sub-region. Simulation results show that the new algorithm have betterperformances than the previous two algorithms in load balance, energy efficiency,energy consumption balance, prolonging the network lifetime, as well as packet lossrate and so on.