Selection And Optimization Of Policy Instruments In The Work Of Family Planning

Policy instruments are a series of measures and methods for implement publicpolicy smoothly and effectively and realize the policy goal. How to choice the publicpolicy instrument is essential for the implementation of public policies. Academicresearch on it started in the90’s in twentieth century, after rapidly developmentthrough the90’s and the beginning of this century has become the research focus ofpublic management and policy science in contemporary western, and is rapidlygrowing as a new discipline. Policy instrument is risen accompanied by the pluralityof the main body of public management and networks, and the complication of thepublic management process, the increase of complex degree and the difficulty ofexecution of public policy, then had a widely use in the reform of the publicmanagement system since the new public management movement. Because of itspowerful interpretation and application, the theory of policy instruments have beenwidely used in finance, environmental protection, agricultural policy, land resourcemanagement, employment service and so on many aspects. And this paper attempts toexpand the theory to the scope of China’s population and family planning programsallow the path of study in the above field.China is the country of most population in the world, too much of the populationin China has brought a series of social problems, and restricted the development ofevery aspect of our country economy and social life. Therefore our country begin tocarry out the family planning policy since the last century seventy or eighty time,and have made our country population growth under effectively control. But becauseof China’s family planning policy and the broad masses of the fertility desire have abigger difference, the lower fertility rate is not basis of spontaneous complete becauseof economic development, but because of the implementation power from the partyand the government. The low birth rate is also instable, so there is still a need tocontinue to implement the basic national policy of family planning. In the process ofimplement the basic national policy of family planning, the various family planningpolicy instruments are the bridges that connected to the policy goal and the results,because of their different characteristics respectively played different roles. China’sfamily planning policy instruments including the compulsory administrative tools, thelegal tools, the interest oriented tools, the propaganda and education tools, and the service tools, this paper is mainly used the related theoretical perspectives of policyinstruments, through investigate the choice and application of the policy instrumentsof China’s family planning policy, try to analysis the insufficient, and attempts to putforward the optimization and innovation, in order to make function of each policyinstrument more perfect, better implement the population and family planning policyin the new period, do what little one can to help China’s population and familyplanning work more developed.