Day Of State Humiliation During Republic Of China And National Identity

In 1915, January 18, Japan put forward strict request to China," the "21 privilege, while European powers was busing with the first world war, regardless of the timing of the flawless east to China's then Beiyang government, which prompted Chinese public's strong resistance, Japan's ultimatum in May 7and Beiyang government to" 21 "recognition in May 9, also to enable the Chinese people felt unprecedented subscribe to extinction crisis, they regarded the disdain from Japan to China as the great shame, or regarded the persecuted concession from the weak Beiyang government as the great shame, and called it "national humiliation". In order to remember the disgrace and clear it away, the intellectuals being occupied in education firstly launched "National Humiliation Day" memorial, they wanted to use the way of doing national humiliation's education to arouse students' patriotic enthusiasm, and make the students to become the mainstay of saving the state. Later, other social circles also involved in the activity of marking the national humiliation, to make May 7 (or 9) become China's first "national humiliation day" by foreign oppression in modern history. As the China international living conditions deteriorating unceasingly, the massacre China has suffered was increasing, the date of the massacre also became "national humiliation day" to be memorized, Meanwhile, realistic powers oppression also reminded all previous unequal treaties and failed war to the populace since opium war, they also increased the date of unequal treaties signed becoming the "national humiliation day".According to statistics, the entire period of the republic of China, schools and government departments and public institutions recognized national humiliation day up to 24 days.For the national humiliation day, the Beiyang government and the Nanjing National Government has a lot of difference. The period of Beiyang government, public organizations and schools within the government's tolerance held a general membership meeting, or held public congress, or undertake demonstrations, participants were numerous in all circles, the scale is very huge, the content actively supported the Beiyang government and expressed national identity to the Beiyang government. From 1925, the great changes to commemorate the national humiliation day have taken place, because the new, powerful political power, the Kuomintang (KMT) participation changed the political pursuit, new memorial ceremony requires people to sing songs, to bow to sun yat-sen's photos and party flag, for content, called on the people to overthrow the rule of Beiyang government and the imperialism. In July 1929, after reunification of the national government, the Kuomintang set up some national humiliation day for legal festival, and formulate a unified ceremonies and publicity outline, which on the one hand manifests the nationalist government to use national humiliation day shape national identification intentionally, on the other hand, they also reflected that large-scale mass movements was restricted and banned in national humiliation day. In two periods, the differences in participants, different contents, ritual disparate showed the different political conditions and different identity direction.Bearing in mind the humiliation is to one day be able to wipe out national humiliation, so revenge is the eternal topic in national humiliation day. The main methods of public revenge is to advocate domestic products, boycott foreign goods, to break off economic powers, the result is often a failure, real desire to achieve revenge is the Government's waste and Sino-Japanese War.. In 1927 Nanjing national government once established began with powers for waste about negotiation, to the "September 18th incident" in 1931 outbreak has obtained some achievements, such as independent and abolish tariffs realization consular jurisdiction, retracted part concession and concession. The movement to waste is becoming more significant in 1943, China and the United States and Britain renewed the new treaty, making a century the official end of the unequal treaties, extraterritoriality, concession, inland navigation right, warship into China's territorial rights, seafarers management customs authority, Beiping embassy and Beiping to Haikou's foreign military power etc, were cancelled. China's victory in 1945 war to avenge the task is to push the vertices, the whole country proud to celebrate the country's rebirth. In October 1949 after the founding of the PRC continued its off the work on the road to avenge the abolition of Soviet privileges in China, back to Hong Kong, Macau, and ultimately, a half-century dream of Chinese people from interference powers Complete national sovereignty, for the revenge mission marked a successful close.