Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols, Key Distribution And Management Technology

Wireless sensor network has wide application prospects in not only national security, but also national economy. In the future, Mini, highly reliable, multifunctional, integrated sensors, miniature, large-capacity power supply, efficient, highly reliable network protocols and operating system, application-oriented pattern recognition and data fusion algorithm with small amount of calculation, low-power, adaptive network structure, as well as a variety of application models in realistic environment, all of those characteristics above will make the wireless sensor network eventually the interface between the digital world and the real world, which will affect all aspects of people's lives, change our lifestyle as Internet used to be. However, in the current level of science and technology, the production of low-cost, low-power, small size sensor nodes are inevitable with some negative features such as less energy (usually depend on an energy supply provide by non-replaceable batteries), limited capacity of calculation and storage, short-range wireless communication ability. Thus, efficient use of energy and maximization of the life cycle of the whole sensor network is the primary challenge.With the rapid development of Multi-Sink wireless sensor network technology, current routing protocol based on Uni-Sink wireless sensor network becomes out of date. Thus in this paper we paid attention to designing a highly reliable network protocol with good performance for Multi-Sink wireless sensor network. After fully taking the characteristics of sensor network into account, comparing and summarizing current typical routing protocols, we proposed a routing protocol named Multi-Sink Tag-Based Routing Protocol (MS-TBRP) which could be used in Multi-Sink wireless sensor networks. The outline of MS-TBRP is to collect the locations of multiple sinks, then mark each sensor node with the number of hops between itself and the sink. With this method, the topology of the whole network becomes into hierarchical. Our protocol could help tens of thousands of sensor nodes to establish an energy-efficient path to the sink. Also, we optimized MS-TBRP in order to reach the reliability and diversity demands of applications. Besides, we proposed an energy-efficient MAC protocol to match MS-TBRP. And then we improved the supporting technologies of wireless sensor networks with multi-layer method of MS-TBRP.As Mission-oriented applications are deployed in distributed wireless sensor networks, security issues arise. They are facing tremendous challenges: wireless communication environment (usually in hostile areas), the lack of infrastructure support, inability of predicting network topology and limited resource associated with nodes. Efficient and robust key distribution is important to secure such kind of sensor networks. To address this issue, we propose a simple pair-wise key distribution and management approach, which is energy and storage efficient. Node addition and deletion during communication stage are supported, and the update of pair-wise keys is enabled. Simulation result proves that our method is scalable.Finally, we summarized our current work, and also raised a number of issues need further study in the future.