Comparison Of Marx And The Hegelian View Of History

Since Marxism philosophy being born , the relation of philosophy between Marx and Hegel is always the theoretical subject that not evaded . This paper selects tworepresentative books in the aspects of historical philosophy research ------"Principles ofLegal Philosophy"and "The German Ideology",from the two aspects of whole and focal point for it .Historical views are compared to find the inheritance and surmounting that Marx's historical view towards Hegel's .Two philosophier's historical views are different with antagonistic foundation. Though both of them look human social history as unceasing change and the course of ongoing rising ,and pay attention to the socioeconomy life to reveal the last guidance strengh hiding in the social phenomenon .Since starting points have different appearance completely ,it causes them to make different deciphering for social history .Hegel always regards ideas as the basis and the source of historical development .In Hegel's view, ideas are the dominator of entire world . Human history is actually the social development under the control of ideas .Each historical stage is a inevitable link of spiritual development and a channel of spiritual realization .This makes Hegel's historical view only stand in explaining world and satisfy in turn realistic problem into ideas problem ,and removes transform reality from field of vision .In "The German Ideology",Marx criticizes this kind of historical view thoroughly ,and establishes the position of historical materialism of investigation .Marx explains the history from the realistic condition of the individual of reality .He analyses the production of idea consciousness ,the labour practice of people ,as well as the social contact ,and finds the essential realistic foundation of human objective history .It has expounded that society is a alive organism and social history is a naturally historical course .So Marx's historical view has surmounted Hegel's historical philosophy thoroughly and found historical materialism .These antagonistic historical views run through every aspects of two philosophier's historical research . Labour, citizen society and world history are three representative aspects.Though Hegel carries out the deciphering from political economy for the labour inmorden society ,it has reflected the present situation of realistic labour .But his political economy is only a link of theoretical system under the control of discriminate philosophy ,so he has inevitably overlooked the objectivity of labour .He only regards labour as the external expression of spiritual essence ,and thinks that labour should be looked as the evidence of the spiritual realization of person .Actually,the Hegel's purpose of investigation for labour is only to spread the spiritual huge energy in labour course ,so he makes the promotion of self consciousness become the foundation of social existence. On this foundation it is the reality of self consciousness operating to expound the human history .For Hegel's idealism stipulation of labour,Marx holds criticism attitude .On the one hand ,Marx opposes Hegel's viewpoint and thinks that labour has shown the sociality and the naturalness of person as the medium .On the other hand ,he regards the productive pratice as the objective foundation of social history and the key categroy of historical view .He shows the importance of material production clearly .From this ,social history becomes the composition of labour or pratice in Marx's view.Both Hegel and Marx pay attention to citizen society.and also use the concept of citizen society on the surface of material productive relation of economy . However , because the starting points of the historical views are completely opposite, two philosophiers have different location for the role and the position of citizen society in social history .Hegel regards citizen society as a private economy field opposited with family and country .Everybody in society has no method to produce alone the product that satisfying all needs ,thus we must have the aid of other person ,and use other person for medium to form "the system of needs" .But because of the purpose with personal benefit as its combination ,this kind of system has the inevitable contradiction caused by particularity unlimited will that can not be surmounted .So for citizen society ,it can just surmount those defects through the lead of country .Marx inherits Hegel's viewpoint that needs must get realization in citizen society.and stipulates citizen society as the economic form of social contact .He has revealed the characteristic essence of citizen society with the factors such as economic relation ,social division of labour and the form of social contact ,through the investigation of internal structure of citizen society .He has made it evident that citizen society is important in entire social historical development .Marx has analysed the relation of citizen society and country ,and found that citizen society which is the motive power of social history decides country .Hegel has discussed the course of world spirit developing into world history from the starting point that world spirit is the basic meaning of world history .He thinks that world history is the spiritual development in time ,and is th course of development or realization of world spirit .In Hegel's view , world history is the inevitably natural end of human society under the decision of world spirit through the prosperity and the decline of "world historic nation"realizing alternately .However,Marx still insists in taking the dialectic relation between national history and world history as theoretical orientation and has implemented the criticism spirit of pratice review .He always thinks that the basic prerequisite of world history is the development of productivity ,division of labour and social contact .He stands on the realisitic surface of social history to explain the change of history. He has revealed the basic law of world history ,and has depicted the basic tendency of historical world ,and has indicated the future view of human historical development.Comparing Marx's historical view with Hegel's can take more accurate knowledge about the relation of their philosophy ,and help us to hold the characters of each historical view as well as the connection of them .This is meaningful for our theoretical research and realistic investigation .