Exploration Of The Northern And Southern Refugees Scholars

As a special group, the floating old scholars' activities could reflect a lot of problems, such as politics, culture and military in the Northern and Southern Dynasties to some extent. Based on the study of the former scholars, this thesis probes into the phenomenon of the floating old scholars in an all-round and systematic way.The article counts up the number of the floating old scholars in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which is about four hundred persons, and analyses concretely the cause of the floating old scholars. Political fight on changing days as well as being captured or surrendering in wars of the North and the South was the main reason to go into exile. There were other reasons, for example, seeking personal profits, acting on impulse, not uniting with partners, being the hostage, being sent as an envoy, revenging and so on. The number of scholars floating for the main reason makes up 70 percent of the total population.The Northern and Southern Dynasties usually gave favoured policy for the floating old scholars. However, they often suffered from being repelled and looked down upon because of their coming from different countries and nations. Owing to living under another's roof, many floating old scholars showed the mood of homesickness and yearning for their hometown, and even some rebelled against the Northern Dynasties and drew back the Southern Dynasties.The floating old scholars had a certain influence on the history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the field of military, they participated in several ten big or small wars, which aggravated the turbulent situation and war frequency. In the fields of culture, the Southern scholars made an outstanding contribution to transmit ceremony and propriety, academic atmosphere, style of writing, old scholars' poise as well as art of the Southern Dynasty, and became the bridge of cultural exchange between the North and the South.By contrasting the floating old scholars, this thesis draws conclusions as follows: First, the number of the Southern old scholars is about four times as much as the Northern'. Second, the floating frequency of the Southern old scholars is about twice as much as the Northern'. Third, the treatment to the Southern old scholars in the middle and late period of the Northern Dynasty was not as good as that in early days. Fourth, the management to the old scholars in the Northern Dynasty was more normative. Fifth, the Northern Dynasty paid more attention to the Southern old scholars and made full use of their cultural and military ability. So the Northern Dynasty' policy to them was successful on the whole. While the Southern Dynasty didn't use the Northern floating scholars well, and suffered from their harm in return later. Sixth, the imbalance of the floating scholars' quantity and function between the North and the South reflected that the Northern Dynasty' politics and military was superior to the Southern Dynasty', which further promoted the north' might and the south' weakness, and even had an effect on the historical result that the Northern Dynasty unified the Southern Dynasty.