Structure Controlled The Synthesis Of Functional Materials With Applications

Nanostructured mesoporous materials are importantand have attracted extensive attention owing to their great potential applications. To date, most researches in mesoporous materials are focused on the synthesis of novel mesoporous materials and their functionalizations for application. Obviously, the controllable morphology and structure of the nanomaterials paly key roles in determining their applications. This thesis mainly covers two parts. The first part concentrates on the surface functionalization of mesoporous silica materials and exploration of their applications. The second part involves the synthesis of non-silica mesoporous material including mesoporous metal-boron amorphorous alloy materials, the ordered mesoporous carbon materials and their functionalizations. The thesis is comprised 7 chapters. The first chapter is a brief review on mesoporous materials. The second chapter mainly describes characterization technologies. The highlights are included in the following five chapters.In Chapter 3, silver nanowire/mesoporous silicates nanocomposites are synthesized by simple impregnation of silver salts in SBA-15 mesochannels. Silver nanowires are entrapped and uniformly distributed in the pore channels of SBA-15 without obvious aggregation to large particles. The as-prepared Ag/SBA-15 samples exhibit a highly inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli.( ATCC 25922).In Chapter 4, two kinds of mesoporous inorganic SiO2 (PW-P and PW-C) and two kinds of mesoporous phenyl-modified inorganic-organic hybrid SiO2 (Ph-PW-C and Ph-PW-C-S) are prepared by aerosol-assisted self-assembly. Based on characterizations with XRD, SEM, TEM and BET etc., the effects of the preparation conditions (surfactant type, silicate sources, acidic/basic media etc.) on the surface compositions, the surface morphology, the surface area, the pore volume, and the pore structure are examined. The present work provides a promising method with easy operation and short-period for manufacturing both ordered mesoporous silicates and hybrid fuctionalized mesoporous materials. In Chapter 5, inorganic-organic hybrid mesoporous periodic organosilicas with phenylene moieties embedding inside silica matrix (Ph-PMOs) are synthesized by surfactant-assembly and used as supports to prepared Pd-based catalysts (Pd/Ph-PMO). Both the Ph-PMO and the Pd/Ph-PMO catalysts possess highly ordered 2D hexagonal mesostructure and covalently bonded organic-inorganic (all Si atoms are bonded with carbon) hybrid frameworks. In water-medium Ullmann coupling reaction, the as-prepared Pd/Ph-PMO catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance over the Pd/Ph-MCM-41 and the Pd/MCM-41. The water and toluene adsorption isotherms reveal that their hydrophobic properties decrease in the sequence of Ph-PMO>Ph-MCM-41>MCM-41, which should be one of the important factors resposible for the enhanced activity of the Pd/Ph-PMO catalysts.In Chapter 6, we develop an in-situ chemical surfactant self-assembly method to fabricate ordered mesoporous carbon materials with boron, phosphor, sulfur embedded in the framework and pore walls. Such mesoporous carbon materials exhibit extremely high mechanical stability, showing great potential in practical application. The phase transformation process induced by additives is thoroughly investigated.In Chapter 7, we synthesize for the first time a novel 3-D core-shell mesoporous Ni-B, Co-B amorphous alloy pellet through chemical reduction of metallic ions with borohydride on the interface induced by self-assembly of Brij-76 surfactant. The core-shell structure can be modulated in both the morphology and the particle size by varying the reduction temperature and the borohydride concentration. During the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene to p-chloroaniline, the core-shell Ni-B amorphous alloy catalyst is more effective than the nooporous Ni-B amorphous alloy nanoparticles, showing the promoting effect on the catalytic performance.