A Study On The Transformation Of The Supply Institution Of Rural Public Goods

This paper analyses the characteristics of the supply institution of Chinese rural public goods in different stages --- tradition period, Republican period, Commune System period, Household Responsibility System period and the period after taxation reform. It explains the reason and the process of the transformation, the cost share method and the relationship between the supply institutions with other interrelated institutions in different periods. In traditional agriculture society, the supply institution of rural public goods was followed behind the administration institution which was adapted to the clan, country gentleman mutually. It supported the public social order and played an important role in low level supply of rural public works. In the Republican period, different people explore different modes of rural self-government. The self-governing department leads the farmers to supply the rural public goods depend on themselves. In the Commune System period, Chinese government organized and mobilized the farmer to contribute their labor force to offset the lack of the funds. It highly integrated the rural social resources, successfully improved the supply of the rural public goods which provided the important foundational condition for the rapid agricultural economic development. In Household Responsibility System period, the farmer became the main body of the agricultural production, but because the government didn't have enough money to support the supply of rural public goods, the farmer had to raise money and labor force themselves to undertake the supply. The slender agricultural economic surplus and the"from top to bottom"decision-making mechanism resulted in series of problems in the supply of the rural public goods, like the shortage in total amount and maladjustment in structure etc. At last, the paper points out the new problems in supply of rural public goods after the taxation reform, discusses the function and the advantage of the government and the farmer themselves in the transformation of the supply institution. So we can bring the comparative advantage of the government and the farmer into play according to the different environment and period, and then adjust the supply function of them to achieve a balanced status to ensure the supply efficiency of the rural public goods.