| In this study, 34 preservation and cultivation strains were collected and carried out species identification, genetic diversity analysis and agronomic characters. And then Grifola frondosa standard strains library was established, and three excellent strains of Grifola frondosa, H1, H9, H27, with different temperature and color were screened for meeting the diverse needs of production and market. H13, H20, H31 strains with growthing faster is a potential complementary strains.Correlations between 17 cultivation traits and principal components analysis of 10 quantitative traits of Grifola frondosa strains were carried outThe results as follows:(1) Identification and classification of Grifola frondosa strainsStrains were identified by morphology and ITS-PCR. H11 and H16 strains were identified as Schizophyllum commune.Somatic incompatibility test of 32 Grifola frondosa strains showed that strains have different antagonistic effects with groove or uplift type. According to the antagonistic performance, 32 Grifola frondosa strains were divided into 16 categories.In esterase isozyme electrophoresis test, different mobility 10 bands were detected. When the similar level was 0.74, 32 strains were divided into into 4 groups by clustering analysis. And the farthest genetic similarity coefficient strains were H5 and H29. There were 7 categories with the same similar level 1. So 32 strains were divided into 18 different categories. Esterase isozyme electrophoresis test is more accurate than somatic incompatibility test.(2) Analysis of Grifola frondosa strain physiological characteristicsThe temperature test showed that the optimum temperature of Grifola frondosa was 25℃, and few strains were able to germinate at 5℃.According to the growth rate of the mycelium of Grifola frondosa at different temperatures, Grifola frondosa was divided into 3 types. Medium temperature type had 7 strains with the fastest growing in the range of 20~25℃; medium and low temperature type had 15 strains with the fastest growing in the range of 20~25℃; low temperature type had 10 strains, growth rate was faster than other strains in the growth rate of 10~20℃.Optimal culture medium screening test showed that the mycelium had rapid growth rate with white hyphae on sawdust and sorghum medium, but mycelium became yellow with slow growth rate on wheat medium.High temperature resistance test were measured. The results showed that four strains H5, H8, H8, H17, which had good high temperature resistance.Disease resistance test showed that no resistance for Trichoderma atroviride, confrontation effect on Penicillium brevicompactum, but mycelium did not cover Penicillium brevicompactum, so the overall disease resistance was weak.Enzyme activity of laccase, amylase, carboxymethyl cellulose, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were measured. Results showed that, laccase is main decomposition enzyme by using more lignin, not cellulose.(3) Screening agronomic traits and excellent strains in Grifola frondosaCultivated experiment for 32 strains. The results showed that most of all strains had significant different agronomic traits, except for 3 strains(pollution in the process of cultivation). A full bottle time of 29 strains was 28~35 d, difference obviously primordium time for 4~17 d, mature time of fruiting bodies was 9~18 d. In among strains, H5 and H29 primordium could not be normal differentiation; H13, H20, H31, H34 had rapid growth rate, short fruiting time as 44 d, but low yield. The pileus diameter was 13.29~42.33 mm; pileus thickness was 1.17~3.46 mm; total yield was 49.4~130.32 g. Base on above results, H1, H9 and H27 with good agronomic character were screened.(4)The correlation and principal component analysis for agronomic traitsCultivation characters correlation analysis of 17 strains showed that hyphal density and yield has significant positive correlation; growth speed and yield correlation had no significant correlation on PDA medium; mycelia growth rate, content and yield of laccase had significantly negative correlation. Yield prediction was carried out by detecting laccase, mycelium density and medium growth rate.Principal component analysis of 10 quantitative traits showed that the 10 quantitative characters were divided into 4 principal components, which could be divided into the fruiting body factor, growth factor, yield factor and growth factor. |
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