Ecosystem Services Of Different Land Cover Types Ecosystems In Karst Small Watershed, Southern Sichuan

Restoring and sustaining the ecosystem services is thefoundations for human life and modern civilization, and is also the premise for realizing the sustainable development. Researching and discussing on the effect mechanism of different land cover in Karst rocky desertification area on ecosystem services can provide the scientific bases for construction and sustainable rocky desertification control in Karat areas in south western China.Localized method was adopted in this study, Shihai Town, Xingwen County as the study area, and four different land cover types ecosystems as the Study subjects. The 4 different land cover types ecosystems contain:Cunninghamia lanceolata (warm needle-leaved forest ecosystem), Toona ciliate (deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem), Phyllostachys heterocycla (warm bamboo forest ecosystem), and maize agroecosystem. Based on the relationship among ecological structure, ecological progress and ecosystem services, plant diversity, soil nutrients and soil quality, water holding capacity of soil were measured in the above four land cover types ecosystems. Through the above measurements following different ecosystem services, including biodiversity maintenance, nutrients conservation, water-holding capacity and soil conservation, were compared and analyzed. In the end, the four different land cover types ecosystems are appraised synthetically through multi attribute comprehensive evaluation method. The main research results were summarized as follows:(1) Forest ecosystem nutrient retention function are higher than in farmland ecosystem. Phyllostachys heterocycla (warm bamboo forest ecosystem) can better to maintain soil fertility and prevent soil degradation, maintain Cunninghamia lanceolata (warm needle-leaved forest ecosystem) and Toona ciliate (deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem) can also push soil quality in a certain extent, have a positive impact, but maize agroecosystem in Karst rocky desertification land led to soil nutrient loss, soil degradation, not conducive to the sustainable productivity of land.(2) From the point of view of water conservation and soil and water conservation, In the Karst rocky desertification of land in small watershed soil and water conservation forest can obviously, prevent soil erosion and land desertification, whether Cunninghamia lanceolata (warm needle-leaved forest ecosystem), Toona ciliate (deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem), or Phyllostachys heterocycla (warm bamboo forest ecosystem). And how to construct the conversion of cropland to forest, promote the development of community structure, Is to play the ecological system of water conservation and soil and water conservation function and rocky desertification control point.(3) Different land cover ecosystem has obvious influence on species diversity, and biodiversity of maize agroecosystem has almost lost. Through comparison of diversity index, Toona ciliate (deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem)> Cunninghamia lanceolata (warm needle-leaved forest ecosystem)> Phyllostachys heterocycla (warm bamboo forest ecosystem). From the evenness index, it is also Toona ciliate (deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem)> Cunninghamia lanceolata (warm needle-leaved forest ecosystem)> Phyllostachys heterocycla (warm bamboo forest ecosystem). This proves that in the ecosystem, species number, stand structure more complex, the evenness index is also higher.(4) Through the evaluation of multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation method, In the southern Sichuan Karst area of returning farmland to forest, maintain and improve, conducive to the ecosystem service function and soil physical, chemical properties, can be improved obviously, improve the quality of the soil, improve the soil hydrological property, maintain and improve the community diversity, increased biological productivity, improve the function of soil and water conservation. It can be drawn from this study that deciduous broad-leaved forest is the best choice in the process of returning farmland to forest, followed by warm bamboo forest, again for the warm needle-leaved forest.