| Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) are integration of sensor technology, embedded technology, distributed computation technology and wireless communication technology. WSNs are composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are randomly deployed inside the natural environment or hazardous atmosphere. Since sensor nodes are numerous and single node is extraordinarily limited in electric energy, memory and communication distance, the crucial aim of routing protocol of WSNs is to reduce the overall energy consumption in the network and to prolong the network lifetime.The following is included in this research:Firstly, some basis concepts on WSNs are introduced in general, including system architecture of WSNs and the functional units of the nodes in WSNs. Several key technologies are analyzed and some specific applications are summarized.Secondly, the characteristics and design targets of routing protocols of WSNs are analyzed and routing protocols presented by researchers for WSNs are classified. Main reasons for energy consumption disequilibrium of the nodes in network are put forward according to simulations on some classic routing protocols.Finally, based on the above factors, the static clusters routing protocol is proposed against the actual node distribution. The simulation results demonstrate clearly that the new protocol can evenly dissipate the energy of the nodes in the same cluster, but it can not effectively balance energy consumption of the clusters. An improvement is put forward after analyzing the reason that cause energy unbalanced consumption in the fifth chapter. The simulation results show that the measure can effectively balance energy consumption of the clusters in the networks. When the first dead node appears, the rest energy of the others is below 25%. |
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