The Study On Separating Enterprise From Institution In Our Country Railway Reform

With the development of social market economy, a lot of problems come out in railway transportation: such as the conflict between supply and demand of transportation because of the slow development of the railway; the lack of construction funds due to the system of infrastructure investment , especially due to the administration system of the combination of the function of government and enterprise, the pursuit of "great and whole" , "small and whole" by the enterprise under the planned economy and the enterprise has social functions, (such as schools, hospitals, etc.). All these problems make the burden of the railway enterprise heavier and heavier, greatly restrict the railway' s development, as well as affect the continuous rapid healthy development of China' s economy. They also restrict the railway' s main function in comprehensive transportation net. So we must carry a reform.In developed countries, before the railway reforms, they managed them as an enterprise (no matter they are state-owned or privately-owned), which is independent and has juridical persons. The ranges of their property rights are clear. The supply of the railway transportation takes into full account of the demand of markets. But in China, the ranges of the property rights of the railways enterprises are unclear. So the main problem must be solved by our railway is to separate enterprise from institution, such as separating enterprise from government, separating enterprise from society and so on, and the problem concerning the range of property rights. The aim is that our railway transportation enterprise is completely directed by market economy. The enterprise should take into full account of the demand of market, and get ready for the market. This is the main task and the first stage of our railway reform.The dissertation discusses how our railway completes to separateenterprise from institution and structure reform, how our railway focuses on the core transportation, meets the need of transportation, and how our railway becomes a transportation enterprise which has modern administration system. It also discusses how to return the government function born by the enterprise to the government according to the need of separating enterprise from government; how to achieve the complete separation between the social function and main transportation according to the reform in which the property system reform is the core and separated the social functions.From analyzing present situation of railway in detail, the dissertation analyzes our railway' s administration situation and the reform process. Some meaningful findings are made by analyzing in detail the reform schemes of France, the USA, Japan and Germany. Basing on these, some possible difficulties in our railway reform are pointed out, the reasons why it is hard to carry out the independence of transportation networks which is possible in theory are also pointed out. According to the above reasons we must carry out the reform of separating enterprise from institution and it's the first stage of our railway reform.When we carry out separating enterprise from institution, we should use different ways in different situations. On the basis of recombination of assets and property rights, we change the non-transportation units into independent units, separate them from the main transportation units. The main transportation units should take full advantaged of the reform, speed up the adjustment of the productivity distribution, speed up the depletion of numbers in the main transportation, speed up the reform of "three-item system" . We should set up the system of effective competition and promotion.