Study On The Relationship Between Cinese Calligraphy And Painting Of Tung Ch'i-Ch'ang

Chinese calligraphy and painting has a long history. According to general views on their relationship, calligraphy is a kind of abstract expressive art, and painting concrete representative art, however, the same tools marry them. Chinese calligraphy and painting have been treading on an artistic developing road with unique ethical characteristics, based on totality, combined with taking lines as their main elements, obeying the principles of plane structuring and the traditional Chinese humanist spirit of the harmony between human being and the universe- the convergence of calligraphy and painting. This is the theoretical foundation of the article.Upon the retrospection on the relationship between Chinese calligraphy andpainting during the Ming Dynasty and before, it comes to three conclusions. The first one is that the relationship between Chinese calligraphy and painting emerged potentially during the Tang Dynasty. Because calligraphy matured earlier than Chinese painting, it actually had exerted potential influence on Chinese painting. The second is calligraphy influenced Chinese painting theoretically and practically from the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, every revolution is closely related to the intervention of calligraphy, such as the revolution of brush techniques, the establishment of brush-ink's value, the emergence of Chinese painting of wash and ink, and landscape painting, the theoretical and practical outspread of literati painting, the emergence of the individualist brush and ink language of Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty, and the formation of brush-ink graphics mode of literati painting in the Ming Dynasty. The third is Chinese painting began to influence calligraphy in the late North Song Dynasty, first symbolized by Mi Fu, and the ink technique is the starting point of its influence.The developing process of the relationship between Chinese calligraphy and painting and the cultural features of the Ming Dynasty are the historical and cultural background of studies on the relationship between Chinese calligraphy and painting of Tung Ch'i-ch'ang (董其昌); Tung's theoretical and practical attainments toChinese calligraphy and painting are the personal qualification. He actively mastered the developing logic of the history of the relationship between Chinese calligraphy and painting, summarized their relationship and engaged in practical adventures. He is the turning point of the developing history of the relationship between Chinese calligraphy and painting. His achievements mainly have two: his theoretical achievement about the convergence of Chinese calligraphy and painting; the mutual steering of his own theory and practice. He established the "lightness tenet" of calligraphy-painting aesthetics with historical perspective, theoretically introducing calligraphic techniques, momentums, norms and its variations into Chinese painting; he transformed the traditional calligraphic ink technique with Chinese painting ink techniques, forming his idea of homology of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Practically, his view on the relationship between calligraphy and painting has two obvious features.1. He greatly enhanced brush's expressiveness and freedom by saturating calligraphic lines into the painting, thus freed them from physical likeness, and achieved both force and aura. The abstractness directly coming from brush method makes his works appreciable from the formative relations. He practiced the art view of the convergence of Chinese calligraphy and painting of literati painting, and propelled the brush-ink language of the landscape painting to a new altitude of abstract expression.2. Using light-ink technique of Chinese painting in calligraphy is a pioneeringexperiment, consequently engendering his watery and natural calligraphic style. The real-time colophon of Chinese painting is directly influenced by the painting, and there are frequently brilliant works. It illustrates that the Chinese painting have great psychological influence on calligraphy creation. Tung Ch'i-Ch'ang's achievement turned over a...