Study On Provenance Differences Of Energy-quality Of Four Trees Species For Bio-energy In The South Of China

Finding renewable alternative sources of energy becomes a major issues need to be resolved in the process of social development for solving present energy crisis of all the world, and people pay more and more attention to biological energy which has no pollution. The energy plants resource is rich in the south of China ,so that how to develop biological energy plants resource in the south becomes a exigent problem. Although,some scholars in our country have studied the distribution, oil content and energy quality of southern energy plants, and have preliminary screened some biological energy plants which are suitable for planting in the south. However, these studies are all from the same source plants, and there are many geographical and source differences of these plants'oil content and energy quality for the differences of terrain, climate and soil conditions. The present research has ignored the differences caused by regional disparity and led to a great blindness in the development and utilization of energy plants. Therefore ,how to screen biological energy plants resource which are high oil content and good energy quality becomes a great subject in the development and utilization of energy plants.In view of this, this paper takes four different provenances of bio-energy species which have high oil content in the southern regions basis on the comprehensive investigations and screening of energy plants resources in the south of China by our tutor's project team, and these four plants are Sapium sebiferum ,Vernicia fordii, Jatropha curcas and Sapindus mukorossi, then collect the seeds of different geographical provenances of these four biological energy plants. Compare the geographical provenance differences of different biological energy plants and screen the plants which have high oil content and good energy quality through determining the indexes such as seed morphology, seedling morphology, germination rate, seed moisture content, hundred-grain weight, oil content and physicochemical properties of bio-diesel oil such asdensity, ash content, sulfur content, moisture content, acid value, kinematic viscosity and so on.It will provide the basis for selecting biological energy species and provenances which can be used in production.The main results are as follows:1. The seed morphology of the four southern bio-energy species have great differences. Vernicia fordii seed is the largest, Sapium sebiferum is the least in the seed morphology . The length, width, thickness of different provenance of different kinds of energy trees are very significant except the seed thickness of Vernicia fordii between Nanping and Youxi , Henan, when the significant difference of the thickness between Youxi and Henan is found. The seed length of Sapium sebiferum between Henan and Nanping present no significance of difference, when the length between Jiangxi and Qongliu present no significance of difference,too. The seed width of Sapium sebiferum between Jiangxi and Nanping present no significance of difference, when the significant difference of the width between Nanping and Qingliu is found.2. Seedling morphology of the four southern bio-energy species vary significantly in seedling stage. The average seedling height, basal stem and individual leaf number of different Sapindus mukorossi species have no significant difference. But average leaf length, leaf width and leaf area have great significant difference. The average seedling height, basal stem, individual leaf number, leaf length and leaf width of Vernicia fordii species have much significant difference when the average leaf area has significant difference. The average leaf length of Jatropha curcas from Yunnan and Guangxi has significant difference. The average seedling height, basal stem, individual leaf number, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of Sapium sebiferum species have much significant difference.3. The seed germination rate of the four southern bio-energy species vary significantly. The Vernicia fordii's seed germination rate by water soaking between Youxi and Henan, Jiangxi has no significant difference, Youxi and Yongchun has no significant difference, too. Multiple comparison among other cities have significant difference. The Sapindus mukorossi's seed germination rate of Youxi and Qingliu has significant difference, multiple comparison among other cities have no significant difference. There are significant correlation between any two among Jiangxi Sapium sebiferum and Nanping,Youxi. The Vernicia fordii's seed germination rate by potassium permanganate solution soaking between Jiangxi and Nanping, Yongchun has significant difference. Multiple comparison of the average germination rate among four kinds of Sapindus mukorossi has much significant difference and there is no significant difference of provenance difference between two cities'germination rate of Jatropha curcas. Jiangxi Sapium sebiferum and Nanping has much significant difference. Multiple comparison of the germination rate between Henan and Jianou, Anhui,Youxi has no significant difference. Nanping and Youxi has no significant difference, and multiple comparison of other cities has significant difference. We can find that the seeds germination rate by potassium permanganate solution soaking is higher than the seeds treated only water soaking.4. The seed oil content of the four southern bio-energy species vary significantly. There is much significant difference of the seed moisture content of Sapindus mukorosi and Jatropha curcas between Nanping and Qingliu, Sapium sebiferum between Youxi and Henan, Jiangxi,Anhui and Nanping .Youxi Sapium sebiferum and Nanping , Jianou has much significant difference. Anhui Sapium sebiferum and Jianou has much significant difference. There is no significant difference of seed hundred-grain weight of Sapium sebiferum between Henan and Youxi,Jiangxi Jatropha curcas between Henan and Nanping, Sapindus mukorossi between Jiangxi and Nanping . Youxi and Nanping Vernicia fordii has significant difference, multiple comparison of other species has much significant difference. The Sapium sebiferum seed oil extraction effect by petroleum ether is the highest. The Jatropha curcas seed oil extraction effect by petroleum ether and pure ethanol is also suitable. The petroleum ether and pure ethanol should be the best selections of Vernicia fordii seed oil extraction. Pure ethanol is the most suitable extraction agent for Sapindus mukorossi seed oil extraction and petroleum ether takes the second place. For the oil content of seed kernel: Nanping and Jiangxi Sapindus mukorossi; Youxi and Jiangxi Sapindus mukorossi; Jiangxi Sapindus mukorossi and Qingliu; Jiangxi Vernicia fordii and Henan; Jiangxi and Nanping Vernicia fordii; Youxi Vernicia fordii and Henan seed kernel oil content has significant difference. For the oil content of seed shell: Youxi and Qingliu Sapindus mukorossi; Guangxi and Yunnan Jatropha curcas; Youxi and Yongchun Vernicia fordii seed shell oil content has significant difference.5. The seed physicochemical properties of bio-diesel oil of the four southern bio-energy species vary significantly. Different kinds of Sapium sebiferum, Sapindus mukorossi, Vernicia fordii and Jatropha curcas can achieve national standards for bio-diesel. The ash content from four kinds of different species also meet the bio-diesel standard. The sulfur content of different Sapium sebiferum meet the national diesel fuel standard, but doesn't meet other countries'standards for bio-diesel. The sulfur content of different Jatropha curcas meet the national quality standards for sulfur content of diesel. The sulfur content of Vernicia fordii meet the national diesel fuel standards, and doesn't meet other countries'standards for sulfur content. The sulfur content of Sapindus mukorossi meet national quality standards for diesel in line with Australia and the Czech Republic diesel standards. The moisture content of Sapium sebiferum achieves the China, Czech Republic, Italy, Europe's national diesel standard, but is still lagging behind other countries in diesel standards. The moisture content of Jatropha curcas meet the China, Czech Republic, Italy, Europe's national diesel standard. The moisture content of Vernicia fordii achieves the diesel standards of China, and is still far from France and Germany's diesel standards. The moisture content of Sapindus mukorossi only achieves the diesel standards of China, Czech Republic, Italy and European. The acid value of Sapium sebiferum only achieves the China and United States National diesel standards. The acid value of Jatropha curcas, Vernicia fordii and Sapindus mukorossi achieve every country's diesel fuel standards. The kinematic viscosity of Sapium sebiferum, Jatropha curcas, Vernicia fordii and Sapindus mukorossi does not meet the national diesel standard around the world.