A Study On The Methods Of Soil Erosion In The Middle And Upper Reaches Of The Yangtze River

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China with a vast basin, favorable natural conditions and great potential for development. All these make the Yangtze River have a pivotal position in the national economy and social development. The long-timing natural and man-made reasons have made the Yangtze River, particularly the middle and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River a severe situation. Such as the fragile ecological environment, the severe soil erosion and the degradation of ecological and environment. And the severe soil erosion has become a bottleneck which has constrainted the regional sustainable economic and social development.Since 1980s, the government has attached great importance on the soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. And the State Council has approved and executed in the soil and water conservation Project in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. This step has achieved significant ecological, economic and social benefits. And the situation of the increased soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been effectively curbed. However, the grim situation of soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River has not yet been fundamentally reversed. With the continuous economic and social development, the rapid population growth and the continuous increasing of production and construction activities, the severe contradictary between man and soil was further exacerbated. The fragile ecological environment will face greater pressure. And the new man-made soil erosion resulting from the development and construction activities has made the soil and water conservation greater challenges in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. How to ensure the soil and water conservation project goes fluently and to solve the new-made soil erosion problem have become an urgent issue. The resolution of these issues has great significance in theory and in practice.Based on the guiding principle of sustainable development, this paper studys the harmness, the status, the causes of the soil erosion and the existing problems in the progress of prevention the soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Then put forward a series of counter-measures of water and soil conservation and poverty relief, environmental protection, sustainable development from the angle of ecology, policy and project. Finally, this paper makes an empirical study on soil erosion by taking the Three Gorges reservoir area as a case. After the analyze and study on the soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper puts forward that the soil and water conservation should include the following four aspects: 1. Exploring the human resources. Returning farmland to forest is not just reduce the size of cultivated land, but change the existing mode of production and lifestyle of the farmers, and change the social structure and people's ways of exchanges. 2. Controlling the soil erosion is the core of soil and water conservation. The soil erosion should take the protection and rational utilization of water and land resources development as the means. And take ensuring the production development, well-off life, and a good ecology in small watershed as the goal. 3. In the process of controlling the soil erosion, we should develop ecological agriculture and the water and soil conservation should follow the ecology law. 4. Strengthening the management of soil and water conservation and the construction of technical services system, improving the level of scientific management.