Water And Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Different Genotype Of Winter Wheat

Arid and semiarid areas are main areas of food production in our country. Water shortage and nutrient deficiency are two key factors that restricted crop production in these areas. It was feasible to promote agricultural sustainable development by selecting some wheat cultivars with high water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) through making full use of crops' nutrition heritable characteristics and taping the water and nutrient use potential of their own. There were many studies of selection of genotypes with high N, P, K use efficiency, but less of the combination of genotype selection with high water and nutrient use efficiency as well as wheat breeding. Therefore, ten typical wheat cultivars were used hi this study to select some high WUE and high NUE wheat genotypes by measuring related traits to provide scientific basis for establishing "High yield, High income and quality" dryland farming cultural model and breeding wheat with high WUE and NUE.This experiment was conducted in field plot to investigate the crop yield, grain yield components, water and nitrogen use efficiency, R/S ratio at different growth stages, nitrate reductase activity, photosynthetic characteristics and other related index, the main results were as follows:1. It was proposed that Aifeng3 and Xinong1376 (female parent) were varieties of high efficiency and high response to N; Xinong1376 (male parent), Shan160, Yanmai8911 and Shan229 were ones of high efficiency and low response; Xizal, Xiaoyan6, and Shan150 were low efficiency and high response; Xinong2611 was low efficiency and low response.2. Among grain yield components of different winter wheat cultivars, the kilograins weight and grain numbers of spike were relatively stable. The C.V of them is small among the tested genotypes. The effective number of spike varied significantly among the tested genotypes.3. There is significant difference of WUE among wheat cultivars. The WUE of Xizal, Aifeng3, Xinongl376 (female parent), Xiaoyan6 and Shan150 were higher than that of Yanmai8911, Xinong2611 and Shan229.4. There is significant difference of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency among winter wheat varieties. The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of Aifeng3, Shan229, Xinong2611,Xiaoyan6 and Xinong1376 (female parent) is higher than that of Shan229, Xinong1376 (male parent), Yanmai8911 as well as Xizal. With further analysis, it was indicated that nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of Xiaoyan6 and Xizal was highest, while that of Xinongl376 (male parent) was lowest. The nitrogen fertilizer physiological use efficiency of Xizal is highest, while Aifeng3 lowest.5. The NR activity was related to the response of wheat to nitrogen use efficiency. The higher of the NR activity, the higher of the NUE.