Preparation Of Carbon - Based Nanomaterials Prepared By One - Pot Solid - State Reaction Method And Their Electrochemical Properties

Carbon-based materials have been widely used as an electrode material of energy conversion and energy storage, such as a lithium-ion battery （LIBs）, sodium ion battery （SIBs） and supercapacitor, owing to thier high chemical stability, good electrical conductivity. Among them, the heteroatom doping hierarchical porous carbon-based material as an electrode material exhibits excellent electrochemical properties.Herein,we uses a facile, environmentally friendly, straightforward one-pot soild state reaction to synthesis a series of carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials with heteroatom doping and hierarchical porous structure. Owing to their unique compositional and structural features, the as-prepared carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials demonstrate good electrochemical performance in different application areas. The main innovative results are displayed as follows:（1）Two carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials were fabricated by using dimethylglyoxime and zinc（Ⅱ） salts as a precursor, and then acidification etching or one-pot solid phase reaction method. The as-synthesized N-C （700℃） nanomaterial, prepared by acidification etching, has been applied as anode materials for LIBs, and exhibit enhanced anodic performance in term of lithium storage. For example, the N-C （700℃） nanomaterial exhibits a high reversible capacity of 700 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g^-1, which is much higher than that of graphite (372 mAh g^-1). The as-synthesized N-C （900℃） nanomaterial, prepared by one-pot soild state reaction, shows good electrochemical capacitor performance. For example, it has a specific capacitance as high as 112.2 F g^-1 at a constant charge-discharge current density of 500 mA g^-1.（2） A hollow porous N-doped carbon composite material （H-Ni@N-C Network） was synthesised by using dimethylglyoxime and nickel（Ⅱ） salts as a precursor and a subsequent one-pot solid state reaction. In order to remove a portion of Ni, we acidified the as-synthesized H-Ni@N-C Network with hydrochloric acid. Then, we obtain a hollow porous N-doped carbon composite material （L-Ni@N-C Network）,which contains a small amount of Ni nanoparticles. The L-Ni@N-C Network nanomaterial not only exhibits excellent lithium storage performance, but also shows that it is a good sodium ion battery anode material.（3） A unique cobalt nanoparticles embedded nitrogen-doped hollow concave carbon-based polyhedron was synthesized by a direct solid state self-assembly reaction of o-vanillin, o-phenylenediamine and cobalt acetate tetrahydrate. When evaluated as anodes materials of LIBs, the as-prepared carbon-based polyhedron exihibts enhanced lithium storage performance. For example, it retains a specific discharge capacity of as high as 1189.8 mAh g^-1 at a constant charge-discharge current density of 100 mA g^-1 after 100 cycles.