The Research On Institutional Countermeasures Of The Negative Ecological Effect Of Science And Technology

The environmental problems have already affected our human beings' survival and development. Presently, more and more scholars all of the world pay their attention to them, and they also study other relative areas. And some new subjects are developed, such as Ecological Economics, Developmental Economics, Ecological Politics, Deep Ecology, Ecological Ethics, Ecophilosophy and so on. Through the phenomenon of the negative ecological effect of science and technology, the thesis firstly expounds the history of the development and application of science and technology and its negative effect and analyzes the causes, and then makes the institutional countermeasures of solving the negative effect by utilizing the method of institutional analysis from the formal institution and informal institution. The development and application of science and technology provides tremendous strength for humans to get the material from nature. But as a double-edged sword, the application of science and technology brings a series of negative effect to the nature. With the development of science and technology, human beings obtain more and more natural resources from the nature, and discharge more and more waste to the nature and cause the natural resources deficient and the environment polluted. The development and application of science and technology is the result of human intellect. And therefore the environmental problems caused by the application of science and technology should be solved by humans. This thesis attempts to formulate the institutional countermeasures of solving the negative effect by utilizing the method of institutional analysis from the formal institution and informal institution. And the institutions can guide and constrain the way which human beings use the science and technology, and then the environmental problems will be reduced, eliminated or avoided. Firstly, we establish ecological oriented science and technology development appraisal system, the national ecological science and technology development system, the law of ecological science and technology and the science and technology public participation system. Secondly, we establish the system view of nature, the new sense of the development and application of science and technology, the new correct development viewpoint, the comprehensive and correct outlook of science and technology, the science and technology ethics, and enhance the public's science and technology through education. From the external and internal guidance, the formal institution and informal institution can guide and constrain the way which human beings use the science and technology, and the environmental problems caused by the application of science and technology will be solved.