"Two Mountains Theory" And The Practice Path Of Ecological Poverty Alleviation

The problem of ecological poverty is a general constraint that poor areas cannot achieve sustainable poverty alleviation through normal economic means.At the beginning of the industrial Revolution,Marx and Engels paid attention to the ecological poverty in urban and rural areas under the logic of capitalist economic expansion,they criticized and warned it.As an important dimension of multi-dimensional poverty,ecological poverty has attracted the attention of scholars,who have conducted abundant logical argumentation and research.The research of domestic and foreign scholars on this issue shows obvious differentiation characteristics.Foreign scholars focus on the analysis of the internal logic of ecological poverty,while Chinese scholars prefer the empirical research on the practical path of ecological poverty alleviation.The logical main line of this research is from the internal logic deconstruction of ecological poverty problem to the construction of ecological poverty alleviation practice.The main part of this study attempts to construct the practice system of ecological poverty alleviation based on Xi Jinping’s "two Mountains theory" and the practical experience of poor areas in China.In essence,ecological poverty alleviation is a logical reconstruction of the unsustainable interaction between man and nature in poor areas.It aims to help poor areas get rid of the vicious circle trap of "weak ecology--poverty" and move to the virtuous circle of "ecological constructionpoverty alleviation".Accurate identification shows that the deep poverty population in China is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas in western China with the overall feature of "concentrated and contiguous".Ecological poverty is a common type of poverty in deeply impoverished areas.To explore a characteristic ecological poverty alleviation practice road in line with China’s poverty reality is the only way to achieve targeted poverty alleviation and sustainable poverty alleviation.The current practice of ecological poverty alleviation in China originates from the "ecological compensation for poverty alleviation" in Xi Jinping’s "Five Batches" of targeted poverty alleviation practice,which is the product of the integration of Xi Jinping’s targeted poverty alleviation thought and ecological construction thought.The thought of targeted poverty alleviation contains the basic consensus on multi-dimensional poverty alleviation and diversified poverty alleviation paths,and ecological poverty alleviation is an important part of Xi Jinping’s targeted poverty alleviation practice system.Xi Jinping’s"Two Mountains theory" visually clarified the inherent dialectical and unified logic relationship between ecology and economy,which can effectively help clarify the practical relevance between ecology and poverty alleviation.Based on the "two Mountains theory" and the field investigation of ecological poverty alleviation practice experience in The three provinces of Mongolia,Gansu and Guizhou and five counties(cities)in China,this study summarizes three practical approaches of ecological poverty alleviation,namely ecological environment poverty alleviation,ecological economy poverty alleviation and ecological migration poverty alleviation.Ecological environment poverty alleviation is a practical path guided by the idea of’better clear water and green mountains than gold and silver mountains".It is a poverty alleviation practice aiming at giving priority to the protection of ecological environment and ecological resources in poverty-stricken areas.It mainly relies on national ecological construction projects and the tilt of project funds to implement ecological protection poverty alleviation and ecological governance poverty alleviation,belonging to the "blood transfusion" poverty alleviation mode.Secondly,ecological economy poverty alleviation is a practical path guided by the concept of"clear water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains".It relies on the ecological resource endowment of poor areas to develop appropriate ecological economic industries,such as the development of characteristic ecological planting and breeding industry,ecological tourism,etc.,which belongs to the "blood production"poverty alleviation mode.Thirdly,poverty alleviation through ecological migration is a practical path guided by the goal of "not only green mountains,but also gold and silver mountains".It relies on "ecological migration" to help the poor people break away from the regional bad ecological living environment or inefficient ecological productivity conditions,and stabilizes the poor households’ economic poverty alleviation through "employment resettlement",which belongs to the "exchange blood" poverty alleviation mode.The practice of ecological poverty alleviation is a targeted poverty alleviation model aiming at the ecological poverty problems commonly faced by the deeply poverty-stricken areas in China.It undertakes the dual tasks of ecological improvement in poor areas and targeted poverty alleviation.The practice of ecological poverty alleviation is also an innovative exploration of the theoretical construction and practice of ecological construction with Chinese characteristics on the basis of the criticism of ecological poverty by classical Marxism.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,it fully demonstrates the pragmatic spirit and practical characteristics of people-centered and problem-solution-oriented.