Theoretical And Empirical Research On Employment Effect Of Innovation And Entrepreneurship In Emerging Industry

Faced with complex international situation in which the openness and protection alternate in world economy,China’s economic enter a critical period of transformation growth mode,optimization of industry structure and change economic development motivation.Employment issues bearing on public livelihood is confronting with new challenges.In order to achieve the macro goals of steady growth,structural adjustment,employment protection and people’s livelihood improvement,China has emphasized on the driving role of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry and on economic development and employment growth when formulating and implementing transformation strategy.The key of ‘driving employment by innovation and entrepreneurship’ in emerging industry’ lie in ‘driving’,which means the transformation and upgrading of traditional industry led by innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industries,and the guidance and demonstration roles of innovative entrepreneurs in emerging industry are used to stimulate mass entrepreneurship and innovation,thus economic development and job growth.Therefore,how does the employment-driven path of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry form and evolve? What is its rationales and supporting logic? Can the innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry promte employment? If so,how to reasonably measure its "driving" effect? Additionally,how to optimize the policy of the innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry to drive employment? Above problems need to be discussed thoroughly and systematically.On the basis of the theory about innovation and entrepreneurship,industry evolution theory and theory about relationship between innovation,entrepreneurship and employment,this dissertation reveals the formation of three employment-driven paths of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry at micro,medium and macro levels.Then,the effects and influencing factors of innovation and entrepreneurship emerging industry on employment in different paths are investigated,respectively.Specifically,at micro level,the U-shaped moderating effect and its mechanisms of new start-ups on the relationship between innovation and employment of incumbent firms are investigated.At medium level,the direct employment effect of emerging industry and the indirect employment effect that caused by spillover effects of emerging industry on traditional industry are explored.At macro dimension,System Dynamics model is used to simulate and analyze the effect of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry on employment.Lastly,on the base of the establishment of a conceptual model of policy evaluation,policy performance of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is evaluated and analyzed,and a scheme to optimizate policy of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is proposed.(1)Different employment-driven paths is formed at different phases of the development innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industries.Firstly,the main participants,environment and the composition of development stages constitute the forming elements of the employment-driven paths.Secondly,the formation mechanism of the employment-driving paths of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industries in three stages are analyzed.Lastly,the influence factors of the employment-driven paths of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is discussed,and the logical system of employment-driven paths formation of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is established.(2)At micro level,the new firms with creative destruction within emerging industry have a dynamic moderating effect on the relationship between incumbents’ innovation and employment.Firstly,star-ups’ creative destruction has a U-type moderating effect on the relationship between incumbents’ innovation and its employment.When the creative destruction ability is relatively weak,the increase of creative destruction ability will inhibit the positive effect that incumbents’ innovation input on its employment;when creative destruction ability is relatively strong,a further accelerated of creative destruction ability strengths the positive employment effect of incumbents’ innovation input.Moreover,the moderating effect of creative destruction has significant firm heterogeneities.In the industries with smaller state-owned property rights,the U-shaped moderating effect of creative destruction on the relationship between incumbents’ innovation and employment still canbe found,whereas in the industries with larger state-owned property rights,creative destruction has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between incumbents’ innovation and employment.Finally,the U-shape moderating effect of starups’ creative destruction mainly realizes through the changes of incumbent firms’ profitability and production efficiency caused by itself.(3)At medium level,emerging industries not simply creates employment directly,but also have nonlinear employment effect indirectly through traditional industries.Firstly,the output growth of emerging industry and traditional industry promote employment growth directly by reducing employment destruction rate.Secondly,when impetuses of emerging industry on traditional industry reach the threshold value ranges,job growth rate and job creation rate can increase,while job destruction rate can decrease.Finally,when innovation ability of emerging industry,knowledge absorptive capacity of traditional industry and labor quality reach threshold values,they are able to moderate the indirect effect of the emerging industry on employment positively.(4)At macro level,the driving effect of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry on employment is a complex dynamic feedback process with multiple reciprocations and is affected by many factors.Firstly,according to System Dynamics theory,the cause and effect diagram of employment-driven system of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is established to analyze the cycle of employment-driven effect by innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry.Secondly,the flow graphs and Dynamo equations are bulided to explore the growth trends of important factors over time,including firms’ innovation in emerging industry,the development level of emerging industry and traditional industry,the level of macroeconomic development and employment.Finally,sensitivity simulation results show that market competion,knowledge spillover,collaborative innovation,transformation of knowledge achievements,driving capacity of emerging industries and market demand for new products are all factors that impact the employment effect of innovaitno and entrepreneurship in emerging industry.Moreover,the job creation,job destruction and job quantity are most sensitive to the change of leading force of emerging industry on traditional industry.(5)The employment performance of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry has regional differences,and regional policy performance of the four areas including eastern region,central region,western region and northeastern region fails to reach the optimal level.Firstly,in terms of the policy efficiency,the national overall policy performance has room for improvement,and the overall performance of the eastern region is significantly better than that of other regions.Then,in terms of policy process,the performance of stage I is the highest,followed by stage II,and stage III is the lowest.The results of cluster analysis show that the30 provinces canbe divided into four different types according to the characteristics of stage performace scores.Moreover,according to the FEI of ineffective regions,it canbe found that the irrational use of policy resources is widespread,especially in stage II,the redundancy degree of policy input is generally high.Finally,the main optimized paths of policy about innovaton and entrepreneurship in emerging industry include the construction of policy system of innovaton and entrepreneurship in emerging industry orientated on employment,the improvement of policy tools concerning innovaton and entrepreneurship in emerging industry,and the delicacy management of the policy about innovaton and entrepreneurship in emerging industry.The marginal contributions of this dissertation are:(1)By incorporating start-ups,incumbent firms,emerging industry and traditional industry into one framework system,the development process of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is described and the formation mechanism of employment-driven path of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is revealed.It provides a new perspective to analyze the promtion effect of innovation and entrepreneurship on employment.(2)The indirect,nonlinear and dynamic effects and its influence factors of innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry on employment in different paths is explored empirical.It provides empirical support for the theory of innovation and entrepreneurship and employment.(3)To assess and analysis the employment performance of policy about innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry,a research approach concerning "conceptual model-performance evaluation-path optimization" is proposed.Then,a scheme to optimize employment performance of policy about innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging industry is developed.It provides important reference for the adjustment of natinoal innovation and entrepreneurship policy.